1. Uhlolojikelele Lwenqubo Yokuhlukaniswa Kwe-Adsorption
I-Adsorption isho ukuthi lapho uketshezi (igesi noma uketshezi) luthinta into eqinile enezimbotshana, ingxenye eyodwa noma ngaphezulu oketshezini idluliselwa endaweni engaphandle yento enembobo kanye nangaphakathi kwama-micropores ukuze inothe kulezi zindawo. yakha ungqimba lwe-monomolecular noma inqubo yongqimba yama-multimolecules.
I-fluid ekhangiswayo ibizwa ngokuthi i-adsorbate, futhi izinhlayiya eziqinile ezinama-porous ngokwazo zibizwa ngokuthi i-adsorbent.
Ngenxa yezakhiwo ezihlukene zomzimba nezamakhemikhali ze-adsorbate kanye ne-adsorbent, amandla e-adsorption we-adsorbent ye-adsorbates ehlukene nawo ahlukile.Ngokukhetha okuphezulu kwe-adsorption, izingxenye zesigaba se-adsorption kanye nesigaba sokumuncwa zingathuthukiswa, ukuze kubonakale ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto.
2. Inqubo ye-Adsorption/desorption
Inqubo ye-Adsorption: Ingabhekwa njengenqubo yokugxilisa ingqondo noma njengenqubo yokuphuza utshwala.Ngakho-ke, lapho izinga lokushisa liphansi futhi ukucindezela okuphezulu, kuyanda amandla okukhangisa.Kuwo wonke ama-adsorbent, amagesi ancibilika kalula (indawo yokubilisa ephezulu) akhanga kakhulu, namagesi angancibiliki kalula (indawo ebilayo ephansi) ayeba ngaphansi.
Inqubo ye-Desorption: Ingabhekwa njengenqubo yokufaka igesi noma ukuguquguquka.Ngakho-ke, lapho izinga lokushisa liphakeme futhi ingcindezi iyancipha, i-desorption iphelele kakhulu.Kuwo wonke ama-sorbent, amagesi anoketshezi oluningi (indawo ebilayo ephezulu) mancane amathuba okuthi ancibilike, futhi amagesi angancibiliki kalula (indawo ebilayo ephansi) ancibilika kalula.
3. Umgomo wokuhlukaniswa kwe-adsorption kanye nezigaba zayo
I-Adsorption ihlukaniswe yaba i-adsorption ebonakalayo kanye ne-chemical adsorption.
Isimiso sokuhlukaniswa kwe-adsorption ebonakalayo: Ukwehlukanisa kufinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa umehluko wamandla e-adsorption (amandla e-van der Waals, amandla e-electrostatic) phakathi kwama-athomu noma amaqembu endaweni eqinile nama-molecule angaphandle.Ubukhulu bamandla e-adsorption buhlobene nezakhiwo zakho kokubili i-adsorbent kanye ne-adsorbate.
Umgomo wokuhlukaniswa kwe-adsorption yamakhemikhali usekelwe kwinqubo ye-adsorption lapho ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kwenzeka ebusweni be-adsorbent eqinile ukuze kuhlanganiswe i-adsorbate kanye ne-adsorbent nge-chemical bond, ngakho ukukhetha kunamandla.I-Chemisorption ngokuvamile ihamba kancane, ingenza kuphela i-monolayer futhi ayibuyiseleki emuva.
4. Izinhlobo Ezivamile Ze-Adsorbent
Ama-adsorbent ajwayelekile ikakhulukazi afaka: izisefo zamamolekyuli, ikhabhoni ecushiwe, ijeli ye-silica, ne-alumina ecushiwe.
Isisefo samangqamuzana: Inesakhiwo esivamile sesiteshi esine-microporous, esinendawo ethize engaba ngu-500-1000m²/g, ikakhulukazi ama-micropores, futhi ukusabalalisa kosayizi wembotshana kuphakathi kuka-0.4-1nm.Izici zokukhangiswa kwezisefo zamangqamuzana zingashintshwa ngokulungisa isakhiwo se-molecular sieve, ukwakheka kanye nohlobo lwama-counter cations.Izisefo zamamolekyuli zincike kakhulu kusici sembotshana yesakhiwo kanye nenkambu yamandla e-Coulomb phakathi kwe-cation ebhalansile kanye nohlaka lwe-molecular sieve ukuze kukhiqizwe i-adsorption.Zinokuqina okuhle kwe-thermal kanye ne-hydrothermal futhi zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlukaniseni nasekuhlanzweni kwezigaba ezihlukahlukene zegesi kanye ne-liquid.I-adsorbent inezici zokukhetha okuqinile, ukujula okuphezulu kwe-adsorption kanye nomthamo omkhulu we-adsorption lapho isetshenziswa;
Ikhabhoni ecushiwe: Inothile nge-micropore kanye nesakhiwo se-mesopore, indawo ethile engaphezulu icishe ibe ngu-500-1000m²/g, futhi ukusabalalisa kosayizi wembotshana ikakhulukazi kububanzi obungu-2-50nm.Ikhabhoni ecushiwe incike kakhulu emandleni e-van der Waals akhiqizwa i-adsorbate ukuze ikhiqize i-adsorption, futhi isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukukhangisa kwezinhlanganisela eziphilayo, ukukhangisa nokususwa kwento ephilayo ye-hydrocarbon esindayo, isiqedaphunga, njll.;
Ijeli ye-silica: Indawo ethile ye-silica gel-based adsorbents icishe ibe ngu-300-500m²/g, ikakhulukazi i-mesoporous, enosayizi wembotshana wokusatshalaliswa okungu-2-50nm, futhi ingaphakathi lezimbotshana linothile ngamaqoqo e-hydroxyl angaphezulu.Isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukomisa i-adsorption kanye ne-press swing adsorption ukukhiqiza i-CO₂, njll.;
I-alumina ecushiwe: Indawo ethile engaphezulu ingu-200-500m²/g, ikakhulukazi ama-mesopores, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wembobo ngu-2-50nm.Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekomisweni nasekuphelelweni amanzi emzimbeni, ukuhlanzwa kwegesi yemfucuza ye-asidi, njll.
