Incazelo enemininingwane yesakhiwo sangaphakathi nezingxenye eziyinhloko ze-compressor ephindaphindayo
Incazelo enemininingwane yesakhiwo sangaphakathi se-compressor ephindaphindayo
Ama-compressor aphindaphindayo akhiwa ikakhulukazi umzimba, i-crankshaft, induku yokuxhuma, iqembu le-piston, i-valve yomoya, i-shaft seal, ipompo likawoyela, idivayisi yokulungisa amandla, uhlelo lokujikeleza uwoyela nezinye izinto.
Okulandelayo isingeniso esifushane sezingxenye eziyinhloko ze-compressor.
umzimba
Umzimba we-compressor ephindaphindayo uqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: i-cylinder block kanye ne-crankcase, ezivame ukuphonswa zizonke kusetshenziswa i-high-power grey cast iron (HT20-40).Ngumzimba osekela isisindo se-cylinder liner, umshini wokuxhuma we-crankshaft kanye nazo zonke ezinye izingxenye futhi uqinisekisa indawo elungile ehlobene phakathi kwezingxenye.Isilinda sithatha isakhiwo se-cylinder liner futhi sifakwe emgodini wesihlalo se-cylinder liner ku-cylinder block ukuze kube lula ukukhanda noma ukushintshwa lapho i-cylinder liner igugile.
i-crankshaft
I-crankshaft ingenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko ze-compressor ephindaphindayo futhi ihambisa wonke amandla e-compressor.Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukushintsha ukunyakaza kwenjini kube ukunyakaza okuhambisanayo kwepiston ngokusebenzisa induku yokuxhuma.Lapho i-crankshaft inyakaza, ithwala imithwalo eshintshanayo ye-tension, ukucindezela, ukugunda, ukugoba kanye ne-torsion.Izimo zokusebenza zinzima futhi zidinga amandla anele nokuqina kanye nokungagugi kwejenali eyinhloko kanye ne-crankpin.Ngakho-ke, i-crankshaft ivamise ukwakhiwa kusuka ku-40, 45 noma 50-yekhwalithi ephezulu ye-carbon steel.
isixhumanisi
Induku yokuxhuma iyisiqephu sokuxhuma phakathi kwe-crankshaft ne-piston.Iguqula ukunyakaza kwe-crankshaft ibe ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo kwepiston, futhi idlulisele amandla ku-piston ukwenza umsebenzi kugesi.Induku yokuxhuma ihlanganisa umzimba wenduku yokuxhuma, induku yokuxhuma i-bushing encane yokugcina, induku yokuxhuma isihlahla esikhulu esiphethe isihlahla kanye nebhowudi yenduku yokuxhuma.Isakhiwo senduku yokuxhuma siboniswa kuMfanekiso 7. Umzimba wenduku yokuxhuma uthwala imithwalo eqinile necindezelayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ngakho ngokuvamile uhlanganiswa ngensimbi ye-carbon medium yezinga eliphezulu noma uphonswe nge-ductile iron (njenge-QT40-10).Umzimba wenduku ngokuvamile wamukela ingxenye enqamulayo emise okuka-I futhi imbobo ende ibholwa phakathi nendawo njengendawo yokudlula uwoyela..
ikhanda eliphambene
I-crosshead iyisici esixhuma i-piston rod kanye nenduku yokuxhuma.Yenza ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo kumzila wesitimela ophakathi nendawo futhi idlulisele amandla enduku yokuxhuma engxenyeni yepiston.I-crosshead ikakhulukazi yakhiwe umzimba we-crosshead, iphinikhodi ye-crosshead, isicathulo se-crosshead kanye nedivaysi yokubopha.Izidingo eziyisisekelo ze-crosshead ukuthi ibe nesisindo esincane, ingagugi futhi ibe namandla anele.Umzimba we-crosshead uyisakhiwo esiyisilinda esinezinhlangothi ezimbili, esibekwe nezicathulo ezishelelayo ngolimi ne-groove futhi sixhunywe ndawonye ngezikulufu.I-crosshead sliding shoe iyisakhiwo esishintshayo, esine-alloy ene-alloy cast endaweni ethwala ukucindezela kanye nemigodi kawoyela kanye namaphaseji kawoyela.Izikhonkwane ze-Crosshead zihlukaniswe zibe izikhonkwane eziyi-cylindrical kanye ne-tapered, zimbozwe nge-shaft kanye nezimbobo zikawoyela we-radial.
isigcwalisi
Ukupakisha ikakhulukazi ingxenye evala igebe phakathi kwesilinda nenduku yepiston.Ingavimbela igesi ukuthi ingavuzi kusilinda iye ku-fuselage.Amanye ama-compressor ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu apakisha ngaphambilini namaqembu apakisha ngokulandela igesi noma izidingo zomsebenzisi zesimo somoya.Ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa kuma-compressor anobuthi, avuthayo, aqhumayo, ayigugu, angenawo uwoyela namanye.Amaqembu amabili amaqembu okupakisha kukhona Kukhona igumbi phakathi.
Ukupakisha kuqala kusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukuvala igesi kusilinda se-compressor ukuthi ingavuzi.Ukupakishwa kwangemuva kusebenza njengophawu olusizayo.Indandatho yokuvala ngokuvamile isebenzisa uphawu olunezinhlangothi ezimbili.Kukhona indawo yokufaka igesi evikelayo ehlelwe ngaphakathi kwendandatho yokuvala.Ingasetshenziswa futhi ngokuhambisana nendandatho ye-oil scraper.Alikho iphuzu lokuthambisa futhi ayikho idivayisi yokupholisa.
Iqembu lePiston
Iqembu le-piston igama elijwayelekile le-piston rod, i-piston, iringi ye-piston kanye nendandatho yokusekela.Liqhutshwa induku yokuxhuma, iqembu le-piston lenza ukunyakaza komugqa okuphindaphindayo kusilinda, ngaleyo ndlela lenze ivolumu yokusebenza eguquguqukayo kanye nesilinda ukuze kuzuzwe ukumuncwa, ukucindezelwa, ukukhipha kanye nezinye izinqubo.
I-piston rod ixhuma i-piston ne-crosshead, idlulisa amandla asebenza ku-piston, futhi ishayela i-piston ukuze ihambe.Ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-piston kanye ne-piston rod ngokuvamile kusebenzisa izindlela ezimbili: ihlombe eliyisilinda kanye nokuxhuma kwe-cone.
I-piston ring iyingxenye esetshenziselwa ukuvala igebe phakathi kwesibuko se-cylinder kanye nepiston.Iphinde idlale indima yokusabalalisa amafutha kanye nokuqhutshwa kokushisa.Izidingo eziyisisekelo zamasongo e-piston wukuvalwa okuthembekile nokumelana nokugqoka.Iringi yokusekela isekela ngokuyinhloko isisindo se-piston ne-piston rod futhi iqondisa ipiston, kodwa ayinawo umsebenzi wokuvala.
Uma isilinda sigcotshwa ngamafutha, indandatho yepiston isebenzisa indandatho yensimbi ecijile noma indandatho yepulasitiki ye-PTFE egcwele;lapho ukucindezela kuphezulu, kusetshenziswa indandatho ye-copper alloy piston;indandatho yokusekela isebenzisa indandatho yepulasitiki noma i-alloy bearing iphonswe ngqo emzimbeni wepiston.Uma isilinda sigcotshwa ngaphandle kwamafutha, izindandatho zokusekela indandatho yepiston zigcwaliswa ngamasongo epulasitiki e-polytetrafluoroethylene.
i-valve yomoya
I-valve yomoya iyingxenye ebalulekile ye-compressor futhi iyingxenye yokugqoka.Izinga layo kanye nekhwalithi yokusebenza kuthinta ngqo umthamo wokudlulisa igesi, ukulahlekelwa amandla kanye nokuthembeka kokusebenza kwe-compressor.I-valve yomoya ihlanganisa i-valve yokudonsa kanye ne-valve yokukhipha umoya.Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho i-piston ibuyisela phezulu naphansi, amavalvu okumunca nawokukhipha umoya avuleka futhi avale isikhathi ngasinye, ngaleyo ndlela alawule isicindezela futhi siyivumele ukuthi iqedele izinqubo ezine zokusebenza zokudonsa, ukuminyanisa, nokukhipha umoya.
Ama-valve omoya we-compressor asetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile ahlukaniswe ama-valve anezikhala nama-annular valve ngokuya ngesakhiwo sepuleti le-valve.
I-valve ye-annular yakhiwe isihlalo se-valve, ipuleti le-valve, isiphethu, i-lift limiter, ama-bolt axhumayo namantongomane, njll. Ukubuka okuqhumile kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 17. I-valve yokukhala ilula ukwenza futhi ithembekile ekusebenzeni.Inombolo yezindandatho ingashintshwa ukuze ivumelane nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zevolumu yegesi.Ukungalungi kwama-valve e-annular ukuthi izindandatho zamapuleti e-valve zihlukaniswa komunye nomunye, okwenza kube nzima ukufeza izinyathelo ezingaguquki ngesikhathi sokuvula nokuvala imisebenzi, ngaleyo ndlela ukunciphisa umthamo wokugeleza kwegesi nokwandisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla okwengeziwe.Izingxenye ezihambayo njengepuleti le-valve zinesisindo esikhulu, futhi kukhona ukungqubuzana phakathi kwepuleti le-valve kanye nebhulokhi yomhlahlandlela.Ama-valve endandatho avame ukusebenzisa iziphethu ze-cylindrical (noma i-conical) nezinye izici, okunquma ukuthi akulula ukuthi ipuleti le-valve livuleke futhi livale ngesikhathi ngesikhathi sokunyakaza.,ngokushesha.Ngenxa yomphumela omubi wokubhafa we-valve plate, ukuguga kubucayi.
Amapuleti e-valve e-valve ye-mesh axhunywe ndawonye ngamasongo ukuze akhe umumo we-mesh, futhi ipuleti lebhafa elilodwa noma amaningana ngokuyisisekelo anomumo ofanayo namapuleti we-valve ahlelwa phakathi kwepuleti le-valve kanye nesinqamuleli sokuphakamisa.Ama-valve ane-mesh afanele izimo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene futhi avame ukusetshenziswa emazingeni okucindezela aphansi naphakathi.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi sepuleti ye-valve ye-mesh kanye nenani elikhulu lezingxenye ze-valve, ukucubungula kunzima futhi izindleko ziphezulu.Ukulimala kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yepuleti le-valve kuzobangela ukuthi lonke ipuleti le-valve lichithwe.
Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Lesi sihloko senziwa kabusha kusukela ku-inthanethi.Okuqukethwe yi-athikili okwezinjongo zokufunda nokuxhumana kuphela.Imibono evezwe esihlokweni ihlala ingathathi hlangothi.I-copyright ye-athikili ingeyombhali wokuqala kanye nenkundla.Uma kukhona ukwephulwa komthetho, sicela usithinte ukuze ukususe.
