Njengoba sonke sazi, ngaphezu kwengxenye yamandla omhlaba alahlekelwa ukungqubuzana okuhlukahlukene, futhi u-70% -80% wokulimala kwemishini nemishini emhlabeni ubangelwa ukungqubuzana.Ngakho-ke, umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwemishini yethu yabantu futhi ungumlando womzabalazo wethu wobuntu nokungqubuzana.Iminyaka eminingi, thina bantu besikhona ukuze sinqobe ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa ukungqubuzana kwemishini.Intengo enzima kakhulu ikhokhiwe, nakuba ezinye izimpumelelo zenziwe ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa ukungqubuzana, kodwa alikho ikhambi langempela lenkinga yokungqubuzana eliye latholakala emkhakheni we-tribology.Ukulahleka kwamandla nezinsiza okulethwa ukungqubuzana kithina bantu kusekukhulu.Umthelela wamafutha okugcoba ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla kaningi awanakwa.Zonke izingxenye zawo wonke amathuluzi ziyagudlana ngesikhathi sokusebenza.Indima yamafutha okugcoba ukugwema ukungqubuzana okuqondile phakathi kwezingxenye.I-Friction ayibangeli nje ukugqoka kwemishini, kodwa futhi ukungqubuzana kuveza ukumelana.Uma kungekho ukugcoba, imishini ngeke iphele kuphela, kodwa futhi ukumelana okukhiqizwa ukungqubuzana kuzodla amandla amaningi okusebenza.
Umnyombo wenkinga uthi: Sivamise ukukushaya indiva ukugcotshwa kwemishini, futhi ngisho singazi ukuthi uwoyela wokugcoba ungasetshenziswa kanjani ngendlela efanele, futhi asibazi ubudlelwano phakathi kwawo nokonga amandla.
1. Ubudlelwano phakathi kokugcoba nokonga amandla:
Ngezansi, sisebenzisa izimiso zomzimba ezilula ukuze siqonde indima yamafutha okongiwa kwamandla.Uma sisebenzisa uphethiloli namandla kagesi ukushayela izimoto noma ezinye izisetshenziswa zezimboni, siguqula amandla kaphethiloli namandla kagesi abe amandla e-kinetic wamathuluzi.Uma uphethiloli kanye namandla kagesi ku-100% aguqulwa abe amandla e-kinetic, yisimo esihle kunazo zonke, kodwa akunakwenzeka empeleni, ngoba Kukhona ukungqubuzana, futhi ingxenye yamandla ilahlekile ngokungqubuzana.Lapho usebenza, amandla E asetshenziswa imishini ahlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili:
E=W(k)+W(f), lapho i-W(k) ingamandla e-kinetic okusebenza kwemishini, i-W(f) ingamandla asetshenziswa ngokunqoba amandla okushayisana phakathi nokusebenza nokunqoba ukungqubuzana kokunyakaza okungu-W(f) =f *S, lapho u-S eyinani loshintsho lokugudluka, amandla okungqubuzana ekunyakazeni kwento f=μFN lapho kuwukucindezela okuphozithivu, μ iyi-coefficient yokungqubuzana kwendawo yokuxhumana, ngokusobala, iba mkhulu i-coefficient yokungqubuzana , amandla okungqubuzana aba makhulu, futhi Amandla engeziwe anqoba ukungqubuzana, futhi i-coefficient of friction ihlobene nokuqina kwendawo.Ngokugcobisa, i-coefficient yokungqubuzana kwendawo yokuxhumana iyancishiswa, ngaleyo ndlela idlala indima yokunciphisa ukungqubuzana nokonga amandla.
Ngawo-1960, i-Jost Report yase-United Kingdom yenza izibalo.Emazweni amaningi, cishe u-10% we-gross national product (GNP) udliwe ukuthi unganqoba kanjani ukungqubuzana, futhi inani elikhulu lezinto zokusebenza zehlulekile noma zalahlwa ngenxa yokuguga..I-Jost Report iphinde yenza isilinganiso sokuthi i-1.3% ~ 1.6% ye-GNP ingalondolozwa ngokusebenzisa isayensi ye-tribology, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwesayensi ye-tribology empeleni kubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwezithambisi ezifanele.
2. Ubudlelwano phakathi kokukhethwa kukawoyela wokugcoba nokonga amandla:
Ngokusobala, uwoyela wokugcoba unganciphisa ubulukhuni bendawo engqubuzanayo, kodwa uwoyela wokugcoba uwumkhiqizo wamakhemikhali onezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi.Ake sibheke ukwakheka kwamafutha okugcoba: Amafutha okugcoba: uwoyela wesisekelo + izithasiselo Gcoba: uwoyela wesisekelo + u-thickener + additive
Phakathi kwazo, uwoyela wesisekelo ungahlukaniswa ngamafutha amaminerali namafutha okwenziwa, futhi uwoyela wamaminerali uhlukaniswe uwoyela wohlobo lwe-API I, uwoyela wohlobo lwe-API II, uwoyela wohlobo lwe-API III.Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamafutha okwenziwa, ajwayelekile yi-PAO/SHC, GTL, PIB, PAG, uwoyela we-ester (uwoyela we-diester, uwoyela we-polyester POE), uwoyela we-silicone, i-PFPE.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezithasiselo, ukuthatha uwoyela wenjini njengesibonelo, okuhlanganisa okokuhlanza kanye nezisabalalisi, ama-anti-wear agents, ama-antioxidants, ama-anti-rust agents, ama-viscosity index improvers, ama-anti-foaming agents, njll., kanye nabakhiqizi abahlukene banezinhlobo ezahlukene ze izithasiselo.Okuhlukile, njengabathuthukisi be-viscosity index, kunezinhlobo eziningi.Kuyabonakala ukuthi uwoyela wokugcoba awulula njengoba sicabanga.Ngenxa yokwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuyinkimbinkimbi, igebe ekubunjweni nasekubunjweni kobuchwepheshe kuzoholela ekuhlukeni ekusebenzeni kwamafutha okugcoba.Ngakho-ke, izinga lamafutha okugcoba lihlukile, futhi akwanele ukuthi lisetshenziswe ngokukhululekile.Kudingeka sikhethe ngeso elibucayi.Uwoyela wokugcoba wekhwalithi ephezulu awukwazi nje ukumelana nokugqoka nokuvimbela ukugqoka kwemishini, kodwa futhi usize ukonga amandla ngezinga elithile.
3. Uwoyela wokugcoba wenza kuphela u-1%~3% wesamba sezindleko zokunakekelwa kwemishini!
Ukutshalwa kwezimali kuwoyela wokugcoba cishe ku-1% ~ 3% wesamba semali etshaliwe ekulungisweni.Umthelela walokhu 1%~3% uhlobene nezici eziningi: impilo yesevisi yesikhathi eside yemishini, izinga lokuhluleka, izinga lokuhluleka lithinta isikhathi sokuphumula kanye nokukhiqiza, nezindleko zokulungisa ezihambisanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, njll. Izinkinga zokugcoba azidali nje umonakalo izingxenye, kodwa futhi andise izindleko zabasebenzi besondlo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvala shaqa okubangelwa ukwehluleka, ukwehluleka kwemishini, nokusebenza okungazinzile kuzodala ukulahleka kwempahla nomkhiqizo.Ngakho-ke, ukutshala imali kulo 1% kungasiza izinkampani zonga izindleko ezihlobene nokukhiqiza.Ezinye izindleko zemishini, abasebenzi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, izindleko zokunakekela kanye nezinto zokwakha.
Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-nanotechnology, thina bantu sithole izindlela ezintsha namathuba okunqoba ukungqubuzana nokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa ukungqubuzana.Ibonakala ngokusebenzisa i-nanotechnology emkhakheni wokungqubuzana.I-In situ ukuzilapha kwezindawo zensimbi ezigugile kusetshenziswa i-nanotechnology.Indawo yensimbi i-nanometerized, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukisa amandla, ubulukhuni, ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu nokumelana nokugqwala kwendawo yensimbi, nokufeza umgomo wokunciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezindawo zensimbi zibe ubuncane.ngakho-ke.Iphinde yafinyelela umgomo wabantu bethu wokulwela amandla, izinsiza, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, kanye nezinzuzo zokungqubuzana.
Uwoyela wendabuko wokugcoba umoya we-compressor "uwuwoyela omuhle" inqobo nje uma ungafaki ijeli ne-carbon deposit ngesikhathi sokushintsha uwoyela?Ngaphandle kokuguga nokusebenza kwezinga lokushisa lama-bearings enjini eyinhloko, amagiya, namarotha abesilisa nabesifazane, manje sekunobuchwepheshe bokugcoba bezimoto obusezingeni eliphezulu obufakwe ku-compressor lubrication yomoya, obuletha okunye ukonga amandla, ukuthula, nokuphila isikhathi eside emoyeni. i-compressor.Sonke siyazi ukuthi amafutha ahlukene asetshenziselwa ukushayela.Kusenomehluko omkhulu phakathi kokuhlangenwe nakho nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli nempilo yenjini!Ukusebenza kwamafutha okugcoba i-compressor emoyeni akunakwa ngabakhiqizi abaningi, abathengisi, nabasebenzisi.Izimfundamakhwela zibuka injabulo, futhi ochwepheshe babukele emnyango.Ukwethulwa kobuchwepheshe bokugcotshwa kwezimoto ekusetshenzisweni kwe-screw air compressors kunokuthuthuka okulandelayo:
1. Yehlisa ukusebenza kwamanje, ngoba amandla okungqubuzana kanye nokumelana kwe-shear komjikelezo wokugcoba kuncishisiwe, ukusebenza kwamanje kwe-compressor yomoya engu-22 kW ngokuvamile kuncishiswa ngaphezu kwe-2A, konga i-1KW ngehora, kanye namahora angu-8000 wokushintsha uwoyela. umjikelezo ungagcina ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ka-8000KW;2 , Kuthulile, ukuthulula komsingathi okuvamile kuthule kakhulu, futhi umsindo womsingathi uphansi esimweni sokulayisha.Isizathu esiyinhloko siwukwengeza izinto zokwengeza ezine-coefficient ye-friction ephansi kakhulu, okwenza ukusebenza kube silky bushelelezi, futhi umphathi onomsindo angathuthukiswa kakhulu;3. Nciphisa i-jitter, izinto zokuzilungisa zenza Ingqimba ye "nano-diamond ball" kanye "nefilimu ye-nano-diamond" yenziwa ebusweni bensimbi egijimayo, ezohlala isikhathi eside;4. Yehlisa izinga lokushisa, futhi kuvamile ukuthi i-compressor yomoya ime ekushiseni okuphezulu.Amafutha okugcoba asebenza kahle kakhulu anciphisa ukungqubuzana nokushisa, athuthukise ukuguquguquka kokushisa, Yehlisa izinga lokushisa elicindezela kakhulu lama-bearings, amagiya, nama-rotor abesilisa nabesifazane;5. Nweba impilo yamafutha okugcoba.Ngaphezu kwe-gelling noma impilo yamafutha okugcoba enquma ukumelana ne-oxidation, esinye isici esibalulekile izinga lokushisa le-meshing extrusion point.Izinga lokushisa lamaphuzu lehla lisuka ku-300°C liye ku-150°C.Iphuzu lokushisa eliphakeme lingenye yezizathu zokuphulwa kweketanga le-oyela yokugcoba i-molecule kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-carbon deposits kusimende);6. Nweba impilo yenjini eyinhloko.Okubalulekile, okwakha ungqimba lwefilimu yokuvikela ecinene ye-nano-level endaweni egijimayo, ukuze izindawo zensimbi zingathintani futhi zingagqoki, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekisa kakhulu impilo yesevisi yomsingathi.
Uwoyela wokugcoba ovimbela ukugqokwa okuthulile ukonga amandla: yonga ugesi owengeziwe ngehora, futhi umsingathi uzohlala iminyaka eminingana!Ukunakekela amakhasimende nokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zenani eliphezulu!Bantu bakithi nisacabanga ukuthi wonke amafutha okugcoba ayafana?