Ikunikeza ukuqonda okuphelele kwesakhiwo, isimiso sokusebenza, izinzuzo kanye nobubi be-axial flow compressor
Ulwazi mayelana nama-axial compressors
Ama-compressor okugeleza kwe-axial kanye nama-compressor we-centrifugal womabili ayingxenye yama-compressor ohlobo lwesivinini, futhi womabili abizwa ngokuthi ama-turbine compressors;incazelo ye-speed type compressors isho ukuthi izimiso zabo zokusebenza zithembele kuma-blades ukwenza umsebenzi kugesi, futhi kuqala zenze ukugeleza kwegesi Isivinini sokugeleza sikhuphuka kakhulu ngaphambi kokuguqula amandla e-kinetic abe amandla okucindezela.Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-compressor ye-centrifugal, njengoba ukugeleza kwegesi ku-compressor akuhambisani nesiqondiso se-radial, kodwa eduze nesiqondiso se-axial, isici esikhulu kunazo zonke se-axial flow compressor ukuthi umthamo wokugeleza kwegesi endaweni ngayinye inkulu, futhi okufanayo. Ngaphansi kwesisekelo sevolumu yegesi yokucubungula, ubukhulu be-radial buncane, ikakhulukazi ezikhathini ezidinga ukugeleza okukhulu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-axial flow compressor nayo inezinzuzo zesakhiwo esilula, ukusebenza okulula nokugcinwa.Kodwa-ke, ngokusobala iphansi kuma-compressor we-centrifugal ngokuya ngephrofayili ye-blade eyinkimbinkimbi, izidingo zenqubo yokukhiqiza ephezulu, indawo yokusebenza encane ezinzile, kanye nobubanzi obuncane bokulungiswa kokugeleza ngesivinini esingaguquki.
Isibalo esilandelayo siwumdwebo wohlelo lwesakhiwo se-AV series axial flow compressor:
1. I-Chassis
I-casing ye-axial flow compressor yakhelwe ukuthi ihlukaniswe ngokuvundlile futhi yenziwe ngensimbi eyinsimbi (insimbi).Inezici zokuqina okuhle, akukho ukuguquguquka, ukumuncwa komsindo nokunciphisa ukudlidliza.Qinisa ngamabhawodi ukuze uxhume uhhafu ongaphezulu nophansi ube yiwonke eqinile.
I-casing isekelwa esisekelweni ngamaphuzu amane, futhi amaphuzu amane okusekela abekwe ezinhlangothini zombili ze-casing ephansi eduze nendawo ehlukanisayo ephakathi, ukuze ukusekelwa kweyunithi kube nokuzinza okuhle.Amaphuzu okusekela amabili kwamane angamaphuzu angashintshi, kanti amanye amabili amaphuzu ashelelayo.Ingxenye engezansi ye-casing iphinde ihlinzekwe ngezikhiye ezimbili zomhlahlandlela eduze kwe-axial direction, ezisetshenziselwa ukunwetshwa okushisayo kweyunithi ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Kumayunithi amakhulu, iphoyinti lokusekela lokuslayida lisekelwa ubakaki wokushwibeka, futhi izinto ezikhethekile zisetshenziselwa ukwenza ukunwetshwa okushisayo kube kuncane futhi kunciphise ukuguqulwa kokuphakama kwesikhungo seyunithi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusekela okuphakathi kusethelwe ukwandisa ukuqina kweyunithi.
2. Isilinda esithwele i-vane emile
Isilinda esiphethe i-vane emile iyisilinda esisekelayo samavanes anyakazayo we-compressor.Yakhelwe njengokuhlukaniswa okuvundlile.Usayizi wejiyomethri unqunywa ukwakheka kwe-aerodynamic, okuyingqikithi yokuqukethwe kwesakhiwo se-compressor structure.Iringi yokungena ifana nesiphetho sokungena sesilinda esine-vane emile, futhi i-diffuser ihambisana nesiphetho se-exhaust.Ngokuhambisanayo zixhunywe ne-casing kanye nomkhono wokuvala ukuze zenze i-converging passage end of intake end kanye ne-expansion end of exhaust end.Isiteshi kanye nesiteshi esakhiwe yi-rotor kanye nesilinda esithwala i-vane kuhlanganiswe ukuze kwakhiwe umzila ophelele wokugeleza komoya we-axial flow compressor.
Umzimba wesilinda wesilinda esiphethe i-vane emile uphonswe ku-iron ductile futhi wenziwe ngomshini ukunemba.Iziphetho ezimbili zisekelwa ngokulandelana ku-casing, ukuphela eduze nohlangothi lwe-exhaust kuyisekelo lokuslayida, futhi isiphetho esiseduze nohlangothi lokungenisa umoya luwukusekelwa okuhleliwe.
Kunama-vane omhlahlandlela aphenduphendukayo kumaleveli ahlukahlukene kanye nama-vane ama-vane azenzakalelayo, ama-crank, amaslayidi, njll. ku-vane ngayinye engumhlahlandlela kusilinda esiphethe i-vane.Iqabunga elimile liwuyinki oyindilinga olunomphumela omuhle wokuzithambisa, futhi impilo yalo yesevisi ingaphezu kweminyaka engama-25, ephephile futhi enokwethenjelwa.Indandatho yokuvala i-silicone ifakwe ku-vane stalk ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwegesi nokungena kothuli.Ukugcwalisa amapheshana okufaka uphawu anikezwa kumbuthano wangaphandle wokuphela kokuphela kwesilinda esithwalayo kanye nokusekelwa kwe-casing ukuvimbela ukuvuza.
3. Isilinda sokulungisa kanye nendlela yokulungisa i-vane
I-cylinder yokulungisa ihlanganiswe ngamapuleti ensimbi, ihlukaniswe ngokuvundlile, futhi indawo ephakathi ehlukanisayo ixhunywe ngama-bolts, anokuqina okuphezulu.Isekelwa ngaphakathi kwe-casing ngamaphuzu amane, futhi ama-bearings amane asekelwe enziwe ngensimbi engagcotshiwe ye-"Du".Amaphuzu amabili ohlangothini olulodwa avalwe kancane, avumela ukunyakaza kwe-axial;amaphuzu amabili ngakolunye uhlangothi athuthukisiwe Uhlobo luvumela ukunwetshwa kwe-axial ne-radial thermal, futhi izindandatho zokuqondisa zezigaba ezihlukahlukene ze-vanes zifakwe ngaphakathi kwesilinda sokulungisa.
Indlela yokulungisa i-stator blade yenziwe nge-servo motor, ipuleti lokuxhuma, isilinda sokulungisa kanye nesilinda sokusekela i-blade.Umsebenzi wayo ukulungisa i-engeli yama-stator blades kuwo wonke amazinga we-compressor ukuhlangabezana nezimo zokusebenza eziguquguqukayo.Ama-servo motors amabili afakwe ezinhlangothini zombili ze-compressor futhi axhunywe nesilinda sokulungisa ngepuleti lokuxhuma.I-servo motor, isiteshi sikawoyela samandla, ipayipi likawoyela, kanye nesethi yamathuluzi okulawula okuzenzakalelayo kwakha indlela ye-hydraulic servo yokulungisa i-engeli ye-vane.Lapho uwoyela we-high-pressure engu-130bar osuka esiteshini sikawoyela samandla usebenza, i-piston ye-servo motor iyaphushwa ukuze inyakaze, futhi ipuleti elixhumayo lishayela isilinda sokulungisa ukuthi sinyakaze ngokuhambisanayo siye ku-axial direction, futhi isilayidi sishayela i-stator vane ukuthi ijikeleze. ngokusebenzisa i-crank, ukuze kufezwe inhloso yokulungisa i-engeli ye-stator vane.Kungabonakala ezidingweni zedizayini ye-aerodynamic ukuthi inani lokulungiswa kwe-engeli ye-vane yesigaba ngasinye se-compressor lihlukile, futhi ngokuvamile inani lokulungiswa liyehla ngokulandelana ukusuka esigabeni sokuqala kuya esigabeni sokugcina, esingabonakala ngokukhetha ubude. of the crank, okungukuthi, kusukela esigabeni sokuqala kuya esigabeni sokugcina ukwanda ngobude.
I-cylinder yokulungisa ibizwa nangokuthi "isilinda esiphakathi" ngoba ibekwe phakathi kwe-casing kanye ne-blade bearing cylinder, kuyilapho i-casing kanye ne-blade bearing cylinder ibizwa ngokuthi "i-cylinder yangaphandle" kanye "ne-cylinder yangaphakathi" ngokulandelanayo.Lesi sakhiwo se-cylinder enezingqimba ezintathu kunciphisa kakhulu ukuguqulwa nokucindezeleka kweyunithi ngenxa yokwanda okushisayo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuvimbela indlela yokulungisa othulini kanye nokulimala kwemishini okubangelwa izici zangaphandle.
4. i-rotor nama-blades
I-rotor yakhiwe i-shaft eyinhloko, ama-blades ahambayo kuwo wonke amazinga, ama-spacer blocks, amaqembu okukhiya ama-blade, ama-bee blades, njll. I-rotor inesakhiwo esilinganayo sangaphakathi sangaphakathi, esilungele ukucubungula.
I-spindle yenziwe ngensimbi ephezulu ye-alloy.Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali wento eyinhloko ye-shaft kudinga ukuhlolwa ngokuqinile futhi kuhlaziywe, futhi inkomba yokusebenza ihlolwe ibhulokhi yokuhlola.Ngemuva komshini onzima, ukuhlolwa kokugijima okushisayo kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kwayo okushisayo futhi kuqede ingxenye yengcindezi esele.Ngemuva kokuthi izinkomba ezingenhla sezifanelekile, zingafakwa ekuqedeni imishini.Ngemva kokuqeda ukuqeda, ukuhlolwa kombala noma ukuhlolwa kwezinhlayiyana kazibuthe kuyadingeka kumajenali kuzo zombili iziphetho, futhi ukuqhekeka akuvunyelwe.
Ama-blade ahambayo kanye nezindwani ezimile zenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali yokubumba izikhala, futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa zidinga ukuhlolwa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zemishini, ukufakwa kwe-slag okungeyona insimbi kanye nokuqhekeka.Ngemuva kokuthi i-blade ipholishiwe, i-sandblasting emanzi yenziwa ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokukhathala okungaphezulu.I-blade yokwakha idinga ukukala imvamisa, futhi uma kunesidingo, idinga ukulungisa imvamisa.
Ama-blade anyakazayo esiteji ngasinye afakwe emseleni wempande omile omise okweqabunga lesihlahla eduze nendawo ejikelezayo, futhi amabhulokhi e-spacer asetshenziselwa ukubeka izindwani ezimbili, futhi amabhulokhi wesikhala sokukhiya asetshenziselwa ukubeka nokukhiya izindwani ezimbili ezihambayo. efakwe ekupheleni kwesigaba ngasinye.iqinile.
Kunamadiski ebhalansi amabili acutshungulwa kuzo zombili iziphetho zesondo, futhi kulula ukulinganisa izisindo ezindizeni ezimbili.Ipuleti lebhalansi nomkhono wokuvala kwenza i-balance piston, esebenza ngepayipi lebhalansi ukuze ibhalansise ingxenye yamandla e-axial akhiqizwa umoya, inciphise umthwalo ku-thrust bear, futhi yenze i-bearing endaweni ephephile.
5. Indlala
Kukhona imikhono ye-shaft end seal ohlangothini lokuthatha kanye nohlangothi lwe-exhaust lwe-compressor ngokulandelanayo, futhi amapuleti ophawu afakwe ezingxenyeni ezihambisanayo ze-rotor enza uphawu lwe-labyrinth ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwegesi nokuphuma kwangaphakathi.Ukuze kube lula ukufakwa nokugcinwa, kulungiswa ngebhulokhi yokulungisa kumbuthano wangaphandle womkhono wokuvala.
6. Ibhokisi lokuthwala
Ama-radial bearings kanye nama-thrust bearings ahlelwa ebhokisini elithwalayo, futhi amafutha okugcoba ama-bearings aqoqwe ebhokisini lokuthwala abuyiselwe ethangini lamafutha.Ngokuvamile, phansi kwebhokisi kufakwe idivayisi yomhlahlandlela (uma ihlanganiswe), esebenzisana nesisekelo ukwenza isikhungo seyunithi futhi sandise ngokushisa ku-axial direction.Ukuze uthole izindlu ezihlukanisayo ezihlukene, okhiye abathathu bomhlahlandlela bafakwe phansi ohlangothini ukuze kube lula ukunwetshwa okushisayo kwezindlu.Ukhiye womhlahlandlela we-axial nawo uhlelwe ohlangothini olulodwa lwe-casing ukuze uhambisane ne-casing.Ibhokisi elithwalayo lifakwe izinto zokuqapha ezifana nesilinganiso sokuthwala izinga lokushisa, isilinganiso sokudlidliza kwe-rotor, nesilinganiso sokususwa kwe-shaft.
7. ukuzala
I-axial thrust ye-rotor ithwalwa yi-balance plate, futhi i-axial thrust esele engaba ngu-20 ~ 40kN ithwalwa yi-thrust bear.Ama-thrust pads angalungiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuya ngosayizi womthwalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umthwalo kuphedi ngayinye usatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo.Ama-thrust pads enziwe nge-carbon steel cast Babbitt alloy.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-radial bearings.Ama-compressor anamandla aphezulu nesivinini esiphansi asebenzisa ama-elliptical bearings, futhi ama-compressor anamandla aphansi nesivinini esikhulu asebenzisa ama-pad bearings.
Amayunithi amakhulu ajwayele ukuhlonyiswa ngemishini yokugenca yengcindezi ephezulu ukuze kube lula ukuqala.Ipompo yokucindezela okuphezulu ikhiqiza ukucindezela okukhulu kwe-80MPa ngesikhathi esifushane, futhi i-pool yamafutha e-high-pressure ifakwe ngaphansi kwe-radial bear ukuphakamisa i-rotor nokunciphisa ukuqala ukumelana.Ngemuva kokuqala, ingcindezi kawoyela yehla iye ku-5 ~ 15MPa.
I-axial flow compressor isebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zokuklama.Lapho izimo zokusebenza zishintsha, iphuzu layo lokusebenza lizoshiya iphuzu lokuklama futhi lifake indawo yesimo sokusebenza esingaklami.Ngalesi sikhathi, isimo sangempela sokugeleza komoya sihlukile esimweni sokusebenza sokuklama., futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, isimo sokugeleza esingazinzile senzeke.Ngokombono wamanje, kunezimo ezimbalwa ezijwayelekile zokusebenza ezingazinzile: okungukuthi, isimo sokusebenza sesitebele esijikelezayo, isimo sokusebenza sokwanda kanye nesimo sokusebenza esivimbile, futhi lezi zimo ezintathu zokusebenza zingezezimo zokusebenza ezishintshashintshayo ze-aerodynamic.
Lapho i-axial flow compressor isebenza ngaphansi kwalezi zimo zokusebenza ezingazinzile, ngeke nje kuphela ukuthi ukusebenza kokusebenza kuzokonakala kakhulu, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kuzokwenzeka ukundindizela okunamandla, ukuze umshini ungakwazi ukusebenza ngendlela evamile, ngisho nezingozi zomonakalo omkhulu zizokwenzeka.
1. Itafula elizungezayo le-axial flow compressor
Indawo ephakathi kwe-engeli encane ye-vane emile kanye ne-engeli encane yokusebenza yejika lesici se-axial flow compressor ibizwa ngokuthi indawo yokudayisa ezungezayo, futhi indawo yokudayisa ezungezayo ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili: i-progressive stall ne-abrupt stall.Lapho ivolumu yomoya ingaphansi komkhawulo womugqa wesitebele ojikelezayo we-axial-flow main fan, ukugeleza komoya ngemuva kwe-blade kuzogqashuka, futhi ukugeleza komoya ngaphakathi komshini kuzokwakha ukugeleza okuphehlayo, okuzokwenza ukuthi i-blade ivuleke. ukukhiqiza ukucindezeleka okuhlukile futhi kubangele ukulimala kokukhathala.
Ukuze kuvinjwe ukuma, u-opharetha kudingeka ajwayelene nejika lenjini, futhi adlule endaweni yokuma ngokushesha phakathi nenqubo yokuqalisa.Phakathi nenqubo yokusebenza, i-engeli encane ye-stator blade akufanele ibe ngaphansi kunevelu elishiwo ngokuvumelana nemithetho yomkhiqizi.
2. I-Axial Compressor Surge
Lapho i-compressor isebenza ngokubambisana nenethiwekhi yepayipi enevolumu ethile, lapho i-compressor isebenza ngesilinganiso esiphezulu sokucindezela kanye nezinga lokugeleza eliphansi, uma izinga lokugeleza kwe-compressor lingaphansi kwenani elithile, ukugeleza komoya kwe-arc emuva kwama-blades kuyoba. ihlukaniswe kakhulu kuze kube yilapho iphaseji ivinjiwe, futhi ukugeleza komoya kuzoshaya ngamandla.Futhi yakha i-oscillation ngekhono lomoya kanye nokumelana komoya kwenethiwekhi yepayipi yokuphuma.Ngalesi sikhathi, imingcele yokugeleza komoya yesistimu yenethiwekhi ishintshashintsha kakhulu iyonke, okungukuthi, umthamo womoya nokucindezela kushintsha ngezikhathi ezithile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nobukhulu;amandla nomsindo we-compressor kokubili kushintsha ngezikhathi ezithile..Izinguquko ezibalulwe ngenhla zinzima kakhulu, okwenza i-fuselage idlidlize kakhulu, futhi ngisho nomshini awukwazi ukugcina ukusebenza okuvamile.Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi ukukhuphuka.
Njengoba ukuqhuma kuyisenzakalo esenzeka kuwo wonke umshini kanye nesistimu yenethiwekhi, akuhlobene kuphela nezici zokugeleza kwangaphakathi kwe-compressor, kodwa futhi kuncike ezicini zenethiwekhi yepayipi, futhi ubukhulu bayo kanye nemvamisa ilawulwa ivolumu. yenethiwekhi yamapayipi.
Imiphumela yokuhlinzwa ngokuvamile iba mibi.Izobangela i-compressor rotor kanye nezingxenye ze-stator ukuthi zibhekane nengcindezi nokuphuka, kubangele ukungezwani kwengcindezi ye-interstage ukuze kubangele ukudlidliza okunamandla, okuholela ekulimaleni kwezimpawu nama-thrust bears, futhi kubangele ukushayisana kwe-rotor ne-stator., okubangela izingozi ezimbi.Ikakhulukazi i-high-pressure axial flow compressors, ukuhlinzwa kungase kubhubhise umshini ngesikhathi esifushane, ngakho-ke i-compressor ayivunyelwe ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlinzwa.
Kusukela ekuhlaziyweni kokuqala okungenhla, kuyaziwa ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kuqala kubangelwe ukuzungeza okubangelwa ukungalungiswa kwamapharamitha we-aerodynamic kanye namapharamitha wejometri ku-compressor blade cascade ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza eziguquguqukayo.Kodwa akuwona wonke ama-stalls ajikelezayo azoholela ekuqhumeni, lokhu okugcina kuhlobene nesistimu yenethiwekhi yepayipi, ngakho-ke ukwakheka kwesenzakalo sokuhlinzwa kuhlanganisa izici ezimbili: ngaphakathi, kuncike ku-axial flow compressor Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, i-stall engazelelwe iyenzeka. ;ngaphandle, kuhlobene nomthamo kanye nomugqa wesici wenethiwekhi yamapayipi.Esokuqala siyimbangela yangaphakathi, kanti lesi sakamuva siyisimo sangaphandle.Imbangela yangaphakathi ikhuthaza kuphela ukwanda ngokubambisana kwezimo zangaphandle.
3. Ukuvinjelwa kwe-axial compressor
Indawo yomphimbo we-blade ye-compressor ilungisiwe.Lapho izinga lokugeleza likhuphuka, ngenxa yokwanda kwe-axial velocity yokugeleza komoya, isivinini esihlobene sokugeleza komoya siyakhuphuka, kanye ne-engeli engalungile yokuhlasela (i-engeli yokuhlasela i-engeli ephakathi kwesiqondiso sokugeleza komoya kanye ne-engeli yokufaka. of the blade inlet) nayo iyanda.Ngalesi sikhathi, ukugeleza komoya okumaphakathi engxenyeni encane kakhulu ye-cascade inlet kuzofinyelela isivinini somsindo, ukuze ukugeleza nge-compressor kuzofinyelela inani elibalulekile futhi ngeke kuqhubeke kwanda.Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi ukuvimba.Lokhu kuvinjwa kwama-vanes ayisisekelo kunquma ukugeleza okuphezulu kwe-compressor.Lapho ukucindezela kokukhipha kuncipha, igesi ku-compressor izokwandisa izinga lokugeleza ngenxa yokwanda kwevolumu yokwandisa, futhi ukuvinjelwa kuzokwenzeka lapho ukugeleza komoya kufinyelela isivinini somsindo ku-cascade yokugcina.Ngenxa yokuthi ukugeleza komoya kwe-blade yokugcina kuvinjiwe, ingcindezi yomoya phambi kwe-blade yokugcina iyanda, futhi umfutho womoya ngemuva kwe-blade yokugcina uyancipha, okwenza umehluko wengcindezi phakathi kwangaphambili nangemuva kwe-blade yokugcina ukhuphuke, ukuze amandla angaphambili nangemuva kwe-blade yokugcina awalingani futhi kungase kudaleke ukucindezeleka.dala ukulimala kwe-blade.
Lapho kunqunywa ukuma kwe-blade kanye nemingcele ye-cascade ye-axial flow compressor, izici zayo zokuvimba nazo ziyalungiswa.Ama-Axial compressor awavunyelwe ukusebenza isikhathi eside endaweni engaphansi komugqa wokuminyanisa.
Ngokuvamile, ukulawulwa kwe-anti-clogging ye-axial flow compressor akudingeki kube okuqinile njenge-anti-surge control, isenzo sokulawula akudingeki ukuba sisheshe, futhi asikho isidingo sokusetha indawo yokumisa uhambo.Mayelana nokuthi uzosetha yini isilawuli sokuvimba ukuvala, kuphinde kube ku-compressor uqobo Cela isinqumo.Abanye abakhiqizi baye bacabangela ukuqiniswa kwama-blades ekwakhiweni, ukuze bakwazi ukumelana nokwanda kokucindezeleka kwe-flutter, ngakho-ke abadingi ukusetha ukuvimbela ukuvimbela.Uma umkhiqizi engacabangi ukuthi amandla e-blade adinga ukunyuswa lapho kwenzeka into yokuvimbela eklanyweni, izinsiza zokulawula ukuvimbela okuzenzakalelayo kufanele zinikezwe.
I-anti-clogging control scheme ye-axial flow compressor imi kanje: i-valve ye-butterfly anti-clogging ifakwe epayipini lokuphuma le-compressor, futhi amasignali amabili okuthola izinga lokugeleza kokungena kanye nokucindezela kokuphuma kufakwe kanyekanye ku-compressor. anti-clogging regulator.Lapho ukucindezela kokuphuma komshini kwehla ngendlela engavamile futhi indawo yokusebenza yomshini iwela ngaphansi komugqa wokuvimba, isignali yokuphuma yomlawuli ithunyelwa ku-valve evimbela ukuvimbela ukwenza i-valve ivale ibe mncane, ngakho-ke ukucindezela komoya kuyanda. , izinga lokugeleza liyancipha, futhi iphuzu lokusebenza lingena emgqeni wokulwa nokuvimbela.Ngaphezulu komugqa wokuvimba, umshini ususa isimo sokuvimba.
