I-14 Taboos yokufaka ama-Valves
I-Taboo 1
Ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi yamanzi kuzokwenziwa ekushiseni okungekuhle ekwakhiweni kwasebusika.Umphumela: Ngenxa yokuthi ipayipi liyabanda ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komfutho wamanzi, ipayipi liyabanda.Izinyathelo: Zama ukwenza ukuhlolwa komfutho wamanzi ngaphambi kobusika, bese uphephula amanzi ngemva kokuhlolwa kokucindezela, ikakhulukazi amanzi aku-valve kufanele akhishwe, ngaphandle kwalokho i-valve izoba yiqhwa futhi iqhekeke.Lapho ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi yamanzi kufanele kwenziwe ebusika, kufanele kwenziwe endaweni yokushisa yasendlini enhle, futhi amanzi kufanele aqhunyiswe ahlanzekile ngemva kokuhlolwa kwengcindezi.Lapho ukuhlolwa komfutho wamanzi kungenzeki, umoya ocindezelwe ungasetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa.
I-Taboo II
Isistimu yamapayipi ayizange igezwe ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuqedwa, futhi izinga lokugeleza nesivinini akukwazanga ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuwashwa kwamapayipi.Ngisho nokuhlolwa kwamandla okucindezela kwamanzi kusetshenziselwa ukukhipha amanzi esikhundleni sokuwasha.Umphumela: Izinga lamanzi alikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza zesistimu yamapayipi, okuvame ukuholela ekuncishisweni noma ekuvinjweni kwengxenye yamapayipi.Izinyathelo: Flush ngesilinganiso esiphezulu sokugeleza kwedizayini kusistimu noma izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi elingekho ngaphansi kuka-3m/s. Izothathwa njengefanelekile uma umbala nokukhanyela kwamanzi akhishiwe kuhambisana nombala nokukhanyela kwendawo yokungena. amanzi ngokubuka.
Amapayipi endle, amanzi emvula kanye ne-condensate azofihlwa ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kokuvala amanzi.Umphumela: Kungabangela ukuvuza kwamanzi nokulahlekelwa kubasebenzisi.Izinyathelo: Ukuhlolwa kwamanzi avaliwe kuzobhekwa futhi kwamukelwe ngokuvumelana nezimfuneko.Ukungcwaba ngaphansi komhlaba, usilingi, igumbi lamapayipi nezinye indle ezifihliwe, amanzi emvula, amapayipi e-condensate, njll. kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi akungenwa amanzi.
I-Taboo 4 Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamandla we-hydraulic kanye nokuhlolwa kokuvuza kwesistimu yamapayipi, izinguquko kuphela yenani lokucindezela kanye nezinga lamanzi ezibonwayo, futhi ukuhlolwa kokuvuza akwanele.Umphumela: Isistimu yepayipi iyavuza ngemva kokusebenza, okuthinta ukusetshenziswa okuvamile.Izinyathelo: Lapho uhlelo lwamapayipi luhlolwa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zokuklama kanye nokucaciswa kokwakhiwa, ngaphezu kokurekhoda inani lokucindezela noma ukuguqulwa kwezinga lamanzi phakathi nesikhathi esibekiwe, kudingekile ngokukhethekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela ukuthi kukhona yini inkinga yokuvuza.I-Taboo 5 Ama-valve flange ajwayelekile ama-valve flanges.Imiphumela: Usayizi we-valve flange we-butterfly uhlukile kulowo we-valve flange evamile, kanti amanye ama-flange anobubanzi obuncane bangaphakathi, kuyilapho i-disc ye-valve uvemvane inkulu, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kokuvula noma ukuvuleka kanzima, ngaleyo ndlela kulimaze i-valve.Izinyathelo: I-flange kufanele yenziwe ngomshini ngokuya ngosayizi wangempela we-valve flange ye-butterfly.Azikho izimbobo ezigodliwe kanye nezingxenye ezishunyekiwe ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo sokwakha, noma izimbobo ezigodliwe zincane kakhulu ngosayizi futhi izingxenye ezishunyekiwe azimakwa.Umphumela: Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwephrojekthi yokushisa nokukhucululwa kwendle, isakhiwo sokwakha sihlutshiwe, futhi ngisho ne-bar eqinisiwe iyanqunywa, ethinta ukusebenza kokuphepha kwesakhiwo.Izinyathelo: Yazi imidwebo yokwakha yephrojekthi yokushisisa nokuthuthwa kwendle ngokucophelela, futhi ubambisane ngenkuthalo ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zokwakha ukuze ugcine izimbobo nezingxenye ezishumekiwe ngokuya ngezidingo zokufakwa kwamapayipi nezisekelo neziphanyeko, ngokubhekiselwa ngqo ezidingweni zokuklama. kanye nemininingwane yokwakha.I-Taboo 7 Lapho amapayipi eshisela, amalunga amapayipi anyakazayo awekho emugqeni omaphakathi ngemva kokuhlangana kwezinqe, angashiyi igebe endaweni ehlangene yezinqe, namapayipi anezindonga eziwugqinsi awachamuki, ukuze ububanzi nokuphakama kwe-weld kungahlangani. izidingo zemininingwane yokwakha.Umphumela: ukuchithwa kwepayipi akukho emgqeni ophakathi, okuthinta ngokuqondile ikhwalithi ye-welding kanye nekhwalithi ebonakalayo.Alikho igebe elisele ekuhlanganyeleni kwezinqe, ipayipi elinezindonga eziwugqinsi aliyisheshi i-groove, futhi i-welding ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla lapho ububanzi nokuphakama kwe-weld kungahlangabezani nezidingo.Izinyathelo: Ngemva kokushisela ilunga lezinqe lamapayipi, amapayipi akufanele anyakaze, futhi kufanele abe semgqeni ophakathi nendawo, kushiywe izikhala endaweni yezinqe.Amapayipi anezindonga eziwugqinsi kufanele ashaywe, futhi ububanzi nokuphakama kwe-weld kufanele kushiselwe ngokuvumelana nezidingo zencazelo.
Taboo 8 Ipayipi ligqitshwa ngokuqondile enhlabathini eqandisiwe kanye nomhlabathi ovulekile ongalungiswanga, futhi ukuhlukana nendawo yezinsimbi zamapayipi akulungile, ngisho noma kuyisimo sezitini ezomile.Umphumela: Ipayipi liyalimala ngesikhathi sokucinana kokugcwalisa ngenxa yokwesekwa okungazinzile, okuholela ekusebenzeni kabusha nokulungiswa.Izinyathelo: Ipayipi ngeke lingcwatshwe enhlabathini eqandisiwe noma enhlabathini evulekile engalungiswanga, ukuhlukaniswa kwezinsimbi kuzohlangabezana nezidingo zokucaciswa kokwakhiwa, futhi iphedi elisekelayo lizoqina, ikakhulukazi endaweni okusebenzela kuyo amapayipi, futhi ngeke libe namandla okugunda.Izinsimbi zezitini kufanele zakhiwe ngodaka lukasimende ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho nokuqina.I-Taboo 9 Impahla yebhawodi yokunweba yokulungisa ubakaki wepayipi ingaphansi, indawo yokufaka ibhowudi yokunweba inkulu kakhulu, noma ibholidi yokunweba ifakwe odongeni lwesitini noma odongeni olulula.Imiphumela: ubakaki wepayipi awusebenzi, futhi ipayipi likhubazekile noma liyawa.Izinyathelo: imikhiqizo efanelekile kufanele ikhethelwe amabhawodi wokunweba, futhi uma kunesidingo, amasampula kufanele athathwe ukuze ahlolwe.I-diameter yembobo yokufaka ama-bolts okunweba akufanele ibe mkhulu kuno-2mm, futhi ama-bolts okunweba kufanele asetshenziswe ezakhiweni zekhonkrithi.I-Taboo 10 I-flange ne-gasket yokuxhuma kwamapayipi akuqinile ngokwanele, futhi amabhawodi axhumayo mafushane noma azacile ngobubanzi.Amapayipi enjoloba asetshenziselwa ukushisa amapayipi, amapayipi e-asbestos asetshenziselwa amapayipi amanzi abandayo, futhi amaphedi anezingqimba ezimbili noma ama-inclined pads, futhi ama-flange pads aphumela emapayipini.Imiphumela: i-flange ehlangene ayiqinile, noma iwonakele, okuholela ekuvuzeni.I-gasket ye-flange iphumela epayipini, okuzokwandisa ukumelana nokugeleza kwamanzi.Izinyathelo: I-Flange ne-gasket yepayipi kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo zokucindezela kokusebenza komklamo wamapayipi.I-flange gasket yokufudumeza kanye nepayipi lokuphakela amanzi ashisayo kufanele kube i-asbestos gasket yerabha;I-Rubber gasket kufanele isetshenziselwe i-flange gasket yokuphakelwa kwamanzi kanye nepayipi lokudonsa amanzi.I-Flange gasket akufanele iphumele epayipini, futhi i-excircle yayo kufanele ifinyelele imbobo yebhawudi ye-flange.Amaphedi e-bevel noma ama-gaskets amaningana akufanele abekwe phakathi kwe-flange.Ububanzi bebhawodi elixhuma i-flange kufanele bube ngaphansi kuka-2mm, futhi ubude benduku ye-bolt ephuma kumantongomane kufanele bube yi-1/2 yobukhulu bentongomane.Indlela yokufaka i-Taboo 11 valve ayilungile.Isibonelo, indlela yokugeleza kwamanzi (i-steam) ye-valve yokumisa noma i-valve yokuhlola iphambene nophawu, isiqu se-valve sifakwe phansi, i-valve yokuhlola efakwe ngokuvundlile ifakwe iqonde phezulu, isibambo se-valve yesango elivulekile noma i-valve uvemvane akukho sikhala sokuvula nokuvala, futhi isiqu se-valve ye-valve efihliwe ayibhekani nomnyango wokuhlola.Imiphumela: Ukwehluleka kwe-valve, ukugcinwa kwe-valve kunzima, futhi isiqu se-valve siye phansi ngokuvamile kubangela ukuvuza kwamanzi.Izinyathelo: Faka i-valve ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile nemiyalelo yokufaka i-valve.Amavalvu esango anesiqu esivulekile kufanele abe nobude obanele bokuvula ukuze kunwetshwe isiqu se-valve.Ama-valve ovemvane kufanele acabangele ngokugcwele isikhala sokuzungezisa sesibambo, futhi zonke izinhlobo zeziqu zamavalvu akufanele zibe ngaphansi kunendawo evundlile, ingasaphathwa eyehla.I-valve efihliwe akufanele ifakwe kuphela ngomnyango wokuhlola ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zokuvula nokuvala i-valve, kodwa futhi i-valve stem kufanele ibhekane nomnyango wokuhlola.
I-Taboo 12 Ukucaciswa namamodeli ama-valve afakiwe awahlangabezani nezidingo zokuklama.Isibonelo, ingcindezi ebizwa ngokuthi i-valve ingaphansi kwengcindezi yokuhlola uhlelo;Lapho ububanzi bepayipi legatsha lokuhlinzeka ngamanzi lingaphansi noma lilingana no-50mm, i-valve yesango isetshenziswa;Amapayipi omile name mpo okushisa kwamanzi ashisayo asebenzisa ama-valve okumisa;Ipayipi elimunca lephampu yomlilo lithatha ivalve uvemvane.Umphumela: kuzothinta ukuvulwa nokuvala okuvamile kwe-valve futhi ulungise imisebenzi efana nokumelana nokucindezela.Ngisho bangela ukuthi i-valve yonakaliswe futhi iphoqeleke ukuba ilungiswe ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesistimu.Izinyathelo: Yazi ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwamavalvu ahlukahlukene, bese ukhetha imininingwane namamodeli wamavalvu ngokuya ngezidingo zokuklama.Ukucindezela okulinganiselwe kwe-valve kuzohlangabezana nezidingo zokucindezela kokuhlolwa kwesistimu.Ngokwezidingo zokucaciswa kokwakhiwa: ububanzi bepayipi legatsha lokuhlinzeka ngamanzi lingaphansi noma lilingana no-50mm, futhi i-valve yokumisa kufanele yamukelwe;Lapho ububanzi bepayipi bukhulu kuno-50mm, i-valve yesango kufanele yamukelwe.Amavalvu esango kufanele asetshenziselwe amavalvu omile futhi aqondile okulawula amanzi ashisayo, futhi ama-butterfly valve akufanele asetshenziselwe amapayipi okudonsa amaphampu omlilo.
I-Taboo 13 Ukwehluleka ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi okudingekayo ngaphambi kokufakwa kwevalvu.Imiphumela: I-valve switch ayiguquki ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesistimu, futhi i-valve ayivalwanga kahle, okuholela esimweni sokuvuza kwamanzi (umusi), okuholela ekusebenzeni kabusha nokulungiswa, futhi kuthinte ngisho nokunikezwa kwamanzi okujwayelekile (umusi).Izinyathelo: Ngaphambi kokufakwa kwe-valve, amandla okucindezela nokuhlolwa kokuvuza kufanele kwenziwe.Ukuhlolwa kuzokwenziwa ngesampula engu-10% yeqoqo ngalinye (umkhiqizo ofanayo, ukucaciswa okufanayo kanye nemodeli efanayo) futhi kungabi ngaphansi kweyodwa.Ukuze ama-valve avaliwe afakwe epayipini elikhulu ukuze anqunywe, ukuhlolwa kwamandla nokuqina kufanele kwenziwe ngamunye ngamunye.Amandla evalvu nokucindezela kokuhlolwa kokuvuza kuzohambisana neKhodi Yokwamukela Ikhwalithi Yokwakhiwa Kokuhlinzekwa Kwamanzi Okwakha kanye Nobunjiniyela Bokudonsa amanzi kanye Nokushisa (GB 50242-2002).I-Taboo 14 Izinto ezisetshenziswayo eziyinhloko, okokusebenza kanye nemikhiqizo esetshenziswa ekwakheni kushoda emibhalweni yokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yobuchwepheshe noma izitifiketi zomkhiqizo ezihlangabezana namazinga amanje kazwelonke noma ongqongqoshe.Imiphumela: ikhwalithi yephrojekthi ayifanelekile, futhi kunezingozi ezifihliwe zezingozi, ngakho-ke ayikwazi ukulethwa ngesikhathi futhi kufanele isetshenziswe kabusha futhi ilungiswe;Isikhathi sokwakha esibambezelekile kanye nokukhuphuka kwabasebenzi nezinto ezibonakalayo.Izinyathelo: izinto ezibalulekile, izinto zokusebenza kanye nemikhiqizo esetshenziswa ekunikezeni amanzi kanye nokukhipha amanzi kanye nemiklamo yokufudumeza nokuthuthwa kwendle kufanele ibe nemibhalo yokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yobuchwepheshe noma izitifiketi zomkhiqizo ezihlangabezana namazinga amanje akhishwe uhulumeni noma uMnyango;Igama lomkhiqizo, imodeli, ukucaciswa, ikhodi evamile yekhwalithi kazwelonke, idethi yefekthri, igama nomkhiqizi wendawo, nesitifiketi sokuhlolwa komkhiqizo wefekthri noma ikhodi kuzokhonjiswa.
Okulandelayo eminye imikhiqizo yenkampani yethu
