I-motor iphukile ngokushesha, futhi i-inverter isebenza njengedemoni?Funda imfihlo phakathi kwe-motor kanye ne-inverter esihlokweni esisodwa!
Abantu abaningi bathole ukwenzeka kokulimala kwe-inverter enjini.Isibonelo, embonini yepompo yamanzi, eminyakeni emibili edlule, abasebenzisi bayo bavame ukubika ukuthi iphampu yamanzi yonakaliswa ngesikhathi sewaranti.Esikhathini esidlule, ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yemboni yepompo yayithembekile kakhulu.Ngemva kophenyo, kwatholakala ukuthi la maphampu amanzi alimele wonke ayeqhutshwa ama-frequency converters.
Ukuvela kwama-frequency converters kulethe izinto ezintsha ekulawuleni okuzenzakalelayo kwezimboni nokonga amandla emoto.Ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni cishe akunakuhlukaniswa neziguquli zefrikhwensi.Ngisho nasempilweni yansuku zonke, ama-elevator kanye nama-air conditioner ase-inverter abe yizingxenye ezibalulekile.Iziguquli zemvamisa seziqalile ukungena kuwo wonke amagumbi okukhiqiza nempilo.Kodwa-ke, i-frequency converter nayo iletha izinkinga eziningi ezingakaze zibonwe, phakathi kwazo ukulimala kwemoto kungenye yezinto ezivame kakhulu.
Abantu abaningi bathole ukwenzeka kokulimala kwe-inverter enjini.Isibonelo, embonini yepompo yamanzi, eminyakeni emibili edlule, abasebenzisi bayo bavame ukubika ukuthi iphampu yamanzi yonakaliswa ngesikhathi sewaranti.Esikhathini esidlule, ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yemboni yepompo yayithembekile kakhulu.Ngemva kophenyo, kwatholakala ukuthi la maphampu amanzi alimele wonke ayeqhutshwa ama-frequency converters.
Yize into yokuthi i-frequency converter ilimaza injini isidonse ukunakwa okwengeziwe, abantu abakayazi indlela yalesi simo, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi singayivimba kanjani.Inhloso yalesi sihloko ukuxazulula lezi zinxushunxushu.
Inverter umonakalo motor
Ukulimala kwe-inverter ku-motor kuhlanganisa izici ezimbili, ukulimala kwe-stator winding kanye nokulimala kokuthwala, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1. Lolu hlobo lomonakalo ngokuvamile lwenzeka phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni eziyishumi, futhi isikhathi esithile sincike. ohlotsheni lwe-inverter, uhlobo lwenjini, amandla enjini, imvamisa yenkampani yenethiwekhi ye-inverter, ubude bekhebula phakathi kwe-inverter ne-motor, kanye nezinga lokushisa elizungezile.Ziningi izici ezihlobene.Ukulimala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwemoto kuletha ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezomnotho ekukhiqizeni ibhizinisi.Lolu hlobo lokulahlekelwa akuzona nje izindleko zokukhanda nokushintshwa kwezimoto, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, ukulahlekelwa komnotho okubangelwa ukumiswa kokukhiqiza okungalindelekile.Ngakho-ke, lapho usebenzisa i-frequency converter ukushayela imoto, ukunakwa okwanele kufanele kukhokhwe inkinga yokulimala kwemoto.
Inverter umonakalo motor
Umehluko phakathi kwe-inverter drive kanye ne-industrial frequency drive
Ukuze uqonde indlela yokuthi kungani ama-motor imvamisa yamandla esengozini enkulu yokulimala ngaphansi kwesimo se-inverter drive, qala uqonde umehluko phakathi kwe-voltage ye-inverter drive drive kanye ne-voltage yefrikhwensi yamandla.Bese ufunda ukuthi lo mehluko ungathinta kanjani injini.
Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sokuguqula imvamisa siboniswa kuMfanekiso 2, kufaka phakathi izingxenye ezimbili, i-rectifier circuit kanye ne-inverter circuit.Isekhethi yokulungisa kabusha iyisekhethi ye-DC ephumayo kagesi ehlanganiswe ama-diode ajwayelekile nama-capacitor okuhlunga, futhi isifunda se-inverter siguqula i-DC voltage ibe i-pulse wide modulated voltage waveform (PWM voltage).Ngakho-ke, i-voltage waveform ye-inverter-driven motor iwuhlobo lwe-pulse wave enobubanzi obuhlukahlukene be-pulse, kune-sine wave voltage waveform.Ukushayela injini nge-pulse voltage kuyimbangela eyinhloko yokulimala kwemoto kalula.
I-Mechanism of Inverter Damage Motor Stator Winnding
Lapho i-voltage ye-pulse idluliselwa kukhebula, uma i-impedance yekhebula ingahambisani nokuvinjelwa komthwalo, ukucabangela kuzokwenzeka ekupheleni komthwalo.Umphumela wokubonisa ukuthi igagasi lesigameko kanye negagasi elibonisiwe kubekwe phezulu ukuze akhe amandla kagesi aphezulu.I-amplitude yayo ingafinyelela kabili ku-voltage yebhasi ye-DC kakhulu, cishe izikhathi ezintathu ze-voltage yokufaka ye-inverter, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3. I-voltage ephezulu kakhulu yengezwa kukhoyili ye-motor stator, okubangela ukushaqeka kwe-voltage kukhoyili. , kanye nokushaqeka kwe-overvoltage kaningi kuzobangela ukuthi injini yehluleke ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ngemuva kokuthi i-motor eshayelwa i-frequency converter ithintwa amandla kagesi aphezulu, impilo yayo yangempela ihlobene nezinto eziningi, okubandakanya izinga lokushisa, ukungcola, ukudlidliza, i-voltage, imvamisa yenkampani yenethiwekhi, kanye nenqubo yokufaka ikhoyili.
Uma iphakeme imvamisa yenkampani yenethiwekhi ye-inverter, kulapho i-waveform yamanje ephumayo isondela eduze kwegagasi le-sine, elizonciphisa izinga lokushisa lokusebenza kwemoto futhi lelule impilo yokufaka.Kodwa-ke, imvamisa ephezulu yenkampani yenethiwekhi isho ukuthi inani lama-spike voltages akhiqizwa ngomzuzwana likhulu, futhi inani lokushaqeka kwemoto likhulu.Umfanekiso wesi-4 ubonisa impilo yokuxhuma njengomsebenzi wobude bekhebula kanye nemvamisa yenkampani yenethiwekhi.Kungabonakala emfanekisweni ukuthi ngekhebula elingamamitha angama-200, lapho imvamisa yenkampani yenethiwekhi inyuswa isuka ku-3kHz iye ku-12kHz (ushintsho lwezikhathi ezi-4), impilo ye-insulation iyancipha isuka emahoreni angama-80,000 iye emahoreni angama-20,000 (umehluko we-insulation). 4 izikhathi).
Umthelela Wemvamisa Yenkampani Yenethiwekhi Ekushisiseni
Ukuphakama kwezinga lokushisa kwe-motor, kufushane impilo yokufakelwa, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 5, lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka lifika ku-75 ° C, impilo ye-motor ingu-50% kuphela.Emotweni eshayelwa i-inverter, njengoba i-PWM voltage iqukethe izingxenye ze-high-frequency, izinga lokushisa lemoto lizoba phezulu kakhulu kunalelo le-voltage voltage drive.
I-Mechanism ye-Inverter Damage Motor Bearing
Isizathu sokuthi kungani i-converter ye-frequency ilimaza i-motor bear ukuthi kukhona okwamanje okugeleza phakathi kwe-bearing, futhi lokhu kwamanje kusesimweni sokuxhuma ngezikhathi ezithile.Umjikelezo wokuxhuma okuphakathi uzokhiqiza i-arc, futhi i-arc izoshisa ukuthwala.
Kunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko zokugeleza kwamanje kumabheringi emoto ye-AC.Okokuqala, i-voltage ebangelwe ukungalingani kwendawo yangaphakathi ye-electromagnetic, futhi okwesibili, indlela yamanje enemvamisa ephezulu ebangelwa amandla alahlekile.
Inkambu kazibuthe ngaphakathi kwe-AC induction motor ekahle inokulinganisa.Lapho ama-currents ama-windings wezigaba ezintathu elingana futhi izigaba zihluka ngo-120 °, akukho voltage ezokwenziwa ku-shaft ye-motor.Lapho ukuphuma kwamandla kagesi e-PWM ngesiguquli kubangela ukuthi inkambu kazibuthe engaphakathi kwemoto ibe i-asymmetrical, i-voltage izongeniswa ku-shaft.Ububanzi be-voltage ngu-10 ~ 30V, obuhlobene ne-voltage yokushayela.Lapho i-voltage yokushayela iphakeme, i-voltage iphezulu ku-shaft.phezulu.Lapho inani lale voltage lidlula amandla e-dielectric yamafutha okugcoba ku-bearing, indlela yamanje iyakhiwa.Ngesinye isikhathi ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kwe-shaft, ukufakwa kwamafutha okugcoba kumisa okwamanje futhi.Le nqubo ifana nenqubo yokuvala yomshini wokushintshwa.Kule nqubo, kuzokwenziwa i-arc, ezosula ubuso be-shaft, ibhola, nesitsha se-shaft, yakhe imigodi.Uma kungabikho ukudlidliza kwangaphandle, ama-dimples amancane ngeke abe nethonya elikhulu, kodwa uma kukhona ukudlidliza kwangaphandle, ama-grooves azokhiqizwa, okunomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwemoto.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kubonise ukuthi i-voltage ku-shaft nayo ihlobene nemvamisa eyisisekelo ye-voltage ephumayo ye-inverter.Lapho imvamisa eyisisekelo yehla, i-voltage iphezulu ku-shaft kanye nomonakalo omkhulu kakhulu.
Esigabeni sokuqala sokusebenza kwemoto, lapho izinga lokushisa likawoyela wokugcoba liphansi, uhla lwamanje luyi-5-200mA, umshini omncane onjalo ngeke ubangele noma yimuphi umonakalo ekuthwaleni.Kodwa-ke, lapho i-motor igijima isikhathi esithile, njengoba izinga lokushisa lamafutha okugcoba likhuphuka, umthamo omkhulu uzofinyelela ku-5-10A, okuzobangela i-flashover futhi yakhe imigodi emincane ebusweni bezingxenye ezithwalayo.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-motor stator windings
Lapho ubude bekhebula budlula amamitha angu-30, iziguquli zamafrikhwensi zanamuhla nakanjani zizokhiqiza ama-voltage spikes ekugcineni kwemoto, zifinyeze ukuphila kwenjini.Kunemibono emibili yokuvimbela ukulimala kwemoto.Enye iwukusebenzisa injini ene-insulation ephakeme yokujika kanye namandla e-dielectric (ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi i-variable frequency motor), kanti enye iwukuthatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa i-voltage ephezulu.Isilinganiso sangaphambili silungele amaphrojekthi asanda kwakhiwa, futhi isilinganiso sakamuva silungele ukuguqula izinjini ezikhona.
Njengamanje, izindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokuvikela izimoto yilezi:
1) Faka i-reactor ekugcineni kokuphumayo kwesiguquli se-frequency: Lesi silinganiso yisona esisetshenziswa kakhulu, kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ndlela inomphumela othile kumakhebuli amafushane (ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-30), kodwa ngezinye izikhathi umphumela awulungile. , njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 6(c ) obonisiwe.
2) Faka isihlungi se-dv/dt ekugcineni kokuphumayo kwesiguquli se-frequency: Lesi silinganiso sifanele izikhathi lapho ubude bekhebula bungaphansi kwamamitha angu-300, futhi intengo iphakeme kancane kunaleyo ye-reactor, kodwa umphumela uye waba khona. ngcono kakhulu, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 6(d) .
3) Faka isihlungi se-sine wave ekuphumeni kwesiguquli se-frequency: lesi silinganiso yisona esihle kakhulu.Ngoba lapha, i-PWM pulse voltage iguqulwa ibe i-sine wave voltage, injini isebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo ne-voltage yefrikhwensi yamandla, futhi inkinga ye-peak voltage isixazululiwe ngokuphelele (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikhebula lide kangakanani, kuzoba khona ayikho i-voltage ephezulu).
4) Faka i-absorber ye-voltage ephezulu ekuxhumaneni phakathi kwekhebula ne-motor: ububi bezinyathelo zangaphambilini ukuthi lapho amandla emoto emakhulu, i-reactor noma isihlungi sinevolumu enkulu nesisindo, futhi intengo ilinganiselwe. phezulu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-reactor Kokubili isihlungi nesihlungi kuzodala ukwehla kwe-voltage ethile, okuzothinta itorque ephumayo yenjini.Ukusebenzisa i-inverter peak voltage absorber kunganqoba lezi ziphutha.I-SVA spike voltage absorber eyakhiwe i-706 ye-Second Academy of Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bamandla kagesi obuthuthukisiwe nobuchwepheshe bokulawula okuhlakaniphile, futhi iyithuluzi elikahle lokuxazulula ukulimala kwezimoto.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-SVA spike absorber ivikela ama-motor's bearings.
I-spike voltage absorber wuhlobo olusha lwedivayisi yokuvikela imoto.Xhuma amatheminali okufaka amandla enjini ngokuhambisana.
1) Isifunda sokuthola i-voltage ephezulu ithola i-voltage amplitude entanjeni yamandla emoto ngesikhathi sangempela;
2) Uma ubukhulu bamandla kagesi atholiwe budlula umkhawulo obekiwe, lawula isifunda sebhafa samandla ukuze umunce amandla kagesi aphezulu;
3) Lapho amandla kagesi aphezulu egcwele isigcinamandla samandla esiphezulu, ivalve yokulawula ukumuncwa kwamandla iyavulwa, ukuze amandla aphezulu ku-buffer akhishelwe kusinqamuli samandla esiphezulu, futhi amandla kagesi aguqulelwe ekushiseni. amandla;
I-4) I-monitor yezinga lokushisa iqapha izinga lokushisa eliphezulu le-absorber yamandla.Uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, i-valve yokulawula ukumuncwa kwamandla ivalwa kahle ukuze kuncishiswe ukumuncwa kwamandla (ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi injini ivikelekile), ukuze kuvinjwe isibambisi se-voltage esiphezulu ekushiseni ngokweqile futhi sibangele umonakalo.umonakalo;
I-5) Umsebenzi wesifunda sokumuncwa samanje esithwalayo ukumunca umthamo wokuthwala nokuvikela ukuthwala kwemoto.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nesihlungi esishiwo ngenhla se-du/dt, isihlungi se-sine wave nezinye izindlela zokuvikela imoto, i-absorber ephakeme kakhulu inezinzuzo ezinkulu kakhulu zosayizi omncane, intengo ephansi, nokufaka kalula (ukufakwa okufanayo).Ikakhulukazi esimweni samandla aphezulu, izinzuzo ze-absorber ephakeme kakhulu ngokwenani, ivolumu, nesisindo zivelele kakhulu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ifakwe ngokuhambisanayo, ngeke kube khona ukwehla kwamandla kagesi, futhi kuzoba khona ukwehla kwe-voltage ethile kusihlungi se-du/dt kanye nesihlungi se-sine wave, futhi ukwehla kwe-voltage yesihlungi se-sine wave kusondele ku-10. %, okuzokwenza ukuthi i-torque ye-motor yehle.
Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Lesi sihloko senziwa kabusha kusukela ku-inthanethi.Okuqukethwe yi-athikili okwezinjongo zokufunda nokuxhumana kuphela.I-Air Compressor Network ihlala ingathathi hlangothi emibonweni esesihlokweni.I-copyright ye-athikili ingeyombhali wokuqala kanye nenkundla.Uma kukhona ukwephulwa komthetho, sicela uthinte ukuze ususe