Zihlukaniswa kanjani izishintshi zokushisa?
Ngokwendlela yokudlulisa ukushisa, ingahlukaniswa ibe: isishintshi sokushisa esihlukanisayo, isishintshi sokushisa esivuselelayo, uxhumano lwamanzi olungaqondile isishintshi sokushisa, isishintshi sokushisa esithintana ngqo, nesishintshi sokushisa esiningi.
Ngokusho kwenhloso, ingahlukaniswa: i-heater, i-preheater, i-superheater kanye ne-evaporator.
Ngokusho kwesakhiwo, ingahlukaniswa: isishintshi sokushisa esintantayo sekhanda elintantayo, isishintshi sokushisa esingaguquki seshidi leshubhu, isishintshi sokushisa esimise okwe-U, isishintshi sokushisa sepuleti, njll.
Omunye umehluko phakathi kwegobolondo neshubhu nezishintshi zokushisa zamapuleti: isakhiwo
1. Igobolondo nesakhiwo sokushintsha ukushisa kweshubhu:
Igobolondo kanye ne-tube heat exchanger yakhiwe ngegobolondo, ishubhu yokudlulisa ukushisa, ishidi leshubhu, i-baffle (i-baffle) nebhokisi leshubhu nezinye izingxenye.Igobolondo ngokuvamile liyi-cylindrical, line-tube bundle ngaphakathi, futhi iziphetho ezimbili ze-tube bundle zigxilwe eshidini leshubhu.Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zoketshezi olushisayo nolwebandayo ekudluliselweni kokushisa, olunye uketshezi olungaphakathi kweshubhu, olubizwa ngokuthi i-tube side fluid;enye uketshezi olungaphandle kweshubhu, olubizwa ngokuthi uketshezi oluseceleni kwegobolondo.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-coefficient yokudlulisa ukushisa koketshezi ngaphandle kweshubhu, ama-baffle amaningana ngokuvamile ahlelwa kugobolondo leshubhu.I-baffle ingakhuphula isivinini soketshezi ohlangothini lwegobolondo, yenze uketshezi ludlule kunqwaba yeshubhu izikhathi eziningi ngokuya ngebanga elishiwo, futhi kwandise ukunyakaza koketshezi.
Amashubhu okushintshanisa ukushisa angahlelwa ngonxantathu abalinganayo noma izikwele eshidini leshubhu.Ukuhlelwa konxantathu abalinganayo kuhlangene, izinga lokunyakaza koketshezi olungaphandle kweshubhu liphezulu, futhi i-coefficient yokudlulisa ukushisa inkulu.Ukuhlelwa kwesikwele kusiza ukuhlanzwa ngaphandle kweshubhu futhi kufanelekile uketshezi oluvame ukungcoliswa.
1-igobolondo;I-2-tube bundle;3, 4-isixhumi;5-ikhanda;6-tube plate: 7-baffle: 8-drain pipe
Igobolondo lendlela eyodwa nesishintshi sokushisa seshubhu
Umdwebo wesheli wegobolondo elilodwa lokushintsha ukushisa kweshubhu eliphindwe kabili
2. Isakhiwo sesishintshi sokushisa sepuleti:
Isishintshi sokushisa sepuleti elikhiphekayo senziwa ngamapuleti amaningi kathayela anezitembu ezincane ezinkathini ezithile, avalwe ngamagasket azungezile, futhi agqitshwe ngozimele nezikulufu zokuminyanisa.Izimbobo zamakhoneni amane amapuleti kanye nezikhala zakha abasabalalisi bamanzi nabaqoqi.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uketshezi olubandayo noketshezi olushisayo kuhlukaniswa ngokunengqondo ukuze kuhlukaniswe nhlangothi zombili zepuleti ngalinye.Hamba eziteshini, ukushintshanisa ukushisa ngamapuleti.
Omunye umehluko phakathi kwegobolondo nezishintshi zokushisa zamashubhu nezishintshisi zokushisa zamapuleti: ukuhlukaniswa
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kwegobolondo nezishintshi zokushisa zamashubhu:
(1) Ishidi leshubhu leshidi leshubhu eligxilile lokushintsha ukushisa lihlanganiswe nezinqwaba zamashubhu kuzo zombili iziphetho zegobolondo leshubhu.Uma umehluko wezinga lokushisa umkhulu kancane futhi ingcindezi yohlangothi lwegobolondo ingekho phezulu kakhulu, indandatho yesinxephezelo esinwebekayo ingafakwa egobolondweni ukuze kuncishiswe ingcindezi yokushisa.
(2) Ipuleti leshubhu ekugcineni kwesinye senqwaba yeshubhu yesishintshi sokushisa esintantayo singantanta ngokukhululekile, kuqede ngokuphelele ukucindezeleka okushisayo, futhi lonke ishubhu lenqwaba lingakhishwa egobolondweni, elilungele ukuhlanzwa ngomshini nokugcinwa.Izishintshi zokushisa ezintantayo zekhanda ezintantayo zisetshenziswa kakhulu, kodwa ukwakheka kwazo kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi izindleko ziphezulu.
(3) Ishubhu ngalinye lesishintshi sokushisa esimise okwe-U ligotshwe libe yisimo esingu-U, futhi zombili iziphetho zigxilile eshidini leshubhu elifanayo ezindaweni ezingaphezulu nezingaphansi.Ngosizo lokuhlukaniswa kwebhokisi le-tube, lihlukaniswe ngamakamelo amabili: i-inlet ne-outlet.Umshini wokushisa uqeda ngokuphelele ukucindezeleka okushisayo, futhi isakhiwo saso silula kunohlobo lwekhanda elintantayo, kodwa uhlangothi lweshubhu akulula ukuhlanza.
(4) Isishintshi sokushisa sefilimu eshisayo yamanje ye-eddy sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bakamuva be-eddy bamanje bokushintsha ukushisa kwefilimu eshisayo, futhi sithuthukisa umphumela wokushintshanisa ukushisa ngokushintsha isimo sokunyakaza koketshezi.Lapho i-medium idlula ebusweni be-vortex tube, izoba ne-scour eqinile ebusweni be-vortex tube, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa, kuze kufike ku-10000 W / m2.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isakhiwo sinemisebenzi yokumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nokucindezela okuphezulu kanye nokulwa nokukala.
2. Ukuhlelwa kwezishintshi zokushisa zamapuleti:
(1) Ngokosayizi wendawo yokushintshisana ngokushisa ngesikhala seyunithi ngayinye, isishintshi sokushisa sepuleti siyisishintshi sokushisa esihlangene, ikakhulukazi uma siqhathaniswa negobolondo nesishintshi sokushisa seshubhu.Igobolondo lendabuko kanye nezishintshisi zokushisa zamashubhu zithatha indawo enkulu.
(2) Ngokusetshenziswa kwenqubo, kunamagama ahlukene: i-plate heater, i-plate cooler, i-condenser yepuleti, i-preheater yamapuleti.
(3) Ngokwenhlanganisela yenqubo, ingahlukaniswa ibe isishintshi sokushisa sepuleti le-unidirectional kanye ne-multi-directional plate heat exchanger.
(4) Ngokulandela isiqondiso sokugeleza kwemidiya emibili, ingahlukaniswa ibe isishintshi sokushisa sepuleti elihambisanayo, isishintshi sokushisa se-counter flow plate kanye ne-cross flow plate heat exchanger.Lezi ezimbili zokugcina zisetshenziswa kakhulu.
(5) Ngokusho kosayizi wegebe lomgijimi, ingahlukaniswa ibe isishintshi sokushisa esivamile se-gap plate kanye ne-wide gap plate heat exchanger.
(6) Ngokusho kwesimo sokugqoka i-corrugation, isishintshi sokushisa sepuleti sinokuhluka okuningiliziwe, okungeke kuphindwe.Sicela ubheke: uhlobo lukathayela lwesishintshi sokushisa samapuleti.
(7) Ngokuya ngokuthi ingabe isethi ephelele yemikhiqizo, ingahlukaniswa ibe isishintshi sokushisa sepuleti elilodwa kanye neyunithi yesishintshi sokushisa sepuleti.
Isishintshi sokushisa se-Plate-fin
Omunye umehluko phakathi kwegobolondo neshubhu nezishintshisi zokushisa zamapuleti: Izici
1. Izici zegobolondo nesishintshi sokushisa seshubhu:
(1) Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokonga amandla, i-coefficient yokudlulisa ukushisa yesishintshi sokushisa yi-6000-8000W/(m2·k).
(2) Konke ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi engagqwali, impilo ende yenkonzo, kuze kufike eminyakeni engama-20.
(3) Ukushintsha ukugeleza kwe-laminar ekugelezeni okuyaluza kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa futhi kunciphisa ukumelana nokushisa.
(4) Ukudlulisa ukushisa okusheshayo, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu (400 degrees Celsius), ukumelana nokucindezela okukhulu (2.5 MPa).
(5) Isakhiwo esiqinile, unyawo oluncane, isisindo esincane, ukufakwa kalula, ukonga ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezokwakha.
(6) Idizayini iyavumelana nezimo, imininingwane iphelele, ukusebenziseka kunamandla, futhi imali iyongiwa.
(7) Inezinhlobonhlobo zezimo zohlelo lokusebenza futhi ifanele ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa kanye nokushintshaniswa kokushisa kwemidiya ehlukahlukene.
(8) Izindleko zokulungisa eziphansi, ukusebenza okulula, umjikelezo omude wokuhlanza nokuhlanza okulula.
(9) Yamukela ubuchwepheshe befilimu ye-nano-thermal, engathuthukisa kakhulu i-coefficient yokudlulisa ukushisa.
(10) Isetshenziswa kabanzi emandleni ashisayo, ezimbonini nasezimayini, ku-petrochemical, ekushiseni okumaphakathi kwedolobha, ukudla nemithi, kugesi wamandla, embonini yemishini kanye nokukhanya neminye imikhakha.
(11) Ishubhu yethusi enamaphiko okupholisa agingqelwe endaweni engaphandle yeshubhu yokudlulisa ukushisa inokusebenza okuphezulu okushisayo nendawo enkulu yokudlulisa ukushisa.
(12) Ipuleti elingumhlahlandlela liqondisa uketshezi oluseceleni kwegobolondo ukuthi lugeleze ngokuqhubekayo emugqeni ophukile kusishintshi sokushisa.Ibanga phakathi kwamapuleti omhlahlandlela lingalungiswa ukuze kugeleze kahle.Isakhiwo siqinile, futhi singahlangabezana nokudluliswa kokushisa koketshezi oluseceleni kwegobolondo ngezinga elikhulu lokugeleza noma izinga lokugeleza elikhulu kakhulu kanye nemvamisa yokushaya ngamandla.
2. Izici zesishintshi sokushisa kwamapuleti:
(1) I-coefficient yokudlulisa ukushisa okuphezulu
Njengoba amapuleti kathayela ahlukene ehlehliswa, kwakheka imigudu eyinkimbinkimbi, ukuze uketshezi phakathi kwamapuleti abiyelwe ngokuzungeza okunezinhlangothi ezintathu, futhi ukugeleza okuneziyaluyalu kungenziwa ngenani eliphansi le-Reynolds (ngokuvamile i-Re=50-200), ngakho-ke. ukudluliswa kokushisa I-coefficient iphakeme kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile kubhekwa ukuthi umbala obomvu izikhathi ezingu-3-5 zohlobo lwegobolondo ne-tube.
(2) Umehluko we-logarithmic wesilinganiso sezinga lokushisa mkhulu, futhi umehluko wezinga lokushisa ekugcineni mncane
Kugobolondo kanye nesishintshi sokushisa seshubhu, kukhona ukugeleza koketshezi okubili ohlangothini lweshubhu kanye nohlangothi lweshubhu ngokulandelana.Ngokuvamile, zingu-cross-flow futhi zine-logarithmic mean encane yokulungiswa komehluko wokushisa.Izishintshi zokushisa zamapuleti eziningi ziyahambisana noma ziphikisana, futhi isici sokulungisa sivamise ukuba ngu-0.95.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugeleza koketshezi olushisayo nolubandayo emshinini wokushisisa amapuleti kuhambisana nokugeleza koketshezi olushisayo nolubandayo endaweni yokushisa.
Indawo eshisayo futhi akukho okudlulayo kwenza umehluko wezinga lokushisa ekugcineni kwesishintshi sokushisa sepuleti ube mncane, futhi ukudluliselwa kokushisa emanzini kungaba ngaphansi kuka-1°C, kuyilapho igobolondo nesishintshi sokushisa seshubhu kuvame ukuba ngu-5°C.
(3) Izinyathelo ezincane
I-plate heat exchanger inesakhiwo esihlangene, futhi indawo yokudlulisa ukushisa ngevolumu yeyunithi izikhathi ezingu-2-5 kune-shell-and-tube heat exchanger.Ngokungafani nesishintshi sokushisa segobolondo neshubhu, ayidingi indawo yokulungisa ukuze kukhishwe inqwaba yeshubhu.Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuzuzwe umthamo ofanayo wokudlulisa ukushisa, indawo ephansi yomshini wokushisa wepuleti imayelana ne-1/5-1/8 yaleyo yegobolondo kanye ne-tube heat exchanger.
(4) Kulula ukushintsha indawo yokushintshanisa ukushisa noma inhlanganisela yenqubo
Uma nje amapuleti ambalwa engeziwe noma asusiwe, inhloso yokwandisa noma ukunciphisa indawo yokudlulisa ukushisa ingafinyelelwa.Ngokushintsha ukwakheka kwepuleti noma ukufaka esikhundleni sezinhlobo zamapuleti amaningi, inhlanganisela yenqubo edingekayo ingenziwa, futhi indawo yokushintshanisa ukushisa yegobolondo nesishintshi sokushisa seshubhu ingashintshwa ukuze ivumelane nezimo ezintsha zokushintshanisa ukushisa.Cishe akunakwenzeka ukwandisa indawo yokudlulisa ukushisa kwegobolondo kanye ne-tube heat exchanger.
(5) isisindo esincane
Ugqinsi lwepuleti lokushintshanisa ukushisa kwepuleti luyi-0.4-0.8 mm kuphela, futhi ubukhulu beshubhu bokushintshanisa ukushisa kwegobolondo neshubhu bungu-2.0-2.5 mm.Izishintshi zokushisa zegobolondo neshubhu zisinda kakhulu kunozimele bokushintshanisa ukushisa kwepuleti.Izishintshi zokushisa zamapuleti ngokuvamile zibalelwa kuphela cishe i-1/5 yesisindo segobolondo neshubhu.
(6) Inani eliphansi
Impahla ye-plate heat exchanger iyafana, indawo yokushintshanisa ukushisa iyafana, futhi intengo iphansi ngo-40% ~ 60% kunaleyo yegobolondo ne-tube heat exchanger.
(7) Kulula ukwenza
Ipuleti lokudlulisa ukushisa lomshini wokushisisa amapuleti ligxiviziwe futhi lacutshungulwa, elinezinga eliphezulu lokumisa futhi lingakhiqizwa ngobuningi.Izishintshi zokushisa zegobolondo neshubhu ngokuvamile zenziwe ngezandla.
(8) Kulula ukuhlanza
Inqobo nje uma amabhawodi okucindezela okushintshanisa ukushisa kwepuleti lozimele exegiswa, inqwaba yeshubhu yesishintshi sokushisa sepuleti ingaxegiswa, futhi isishintshi sokushisa sepuleti singasuswa ukuze kuhlanzwe ngomshini.Lokhu kulungele kakhulu inqubo yokushintshanisa ukushisa kwemishini edinga ukuhlanzwa njalo.
(9) Ukulahlekelwa ukushisa okuncane
Kumshini wokushisa wepuleti, ipuleti legobolondo kuphela lepuleti lokushintshanisa ukushisa livezwa emkhathini, ukulahlekelwa ukushisa akunakwa, futhi azikho izinyathelo zokufaka ezidingekayo.
