Kusukela kumawashi kuya kuma-turbines omusi, amagiya anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, amakhulu namancane, asetshenziswa kabanzi emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene njengezingxenye zemishini zokudlulisa amandla.Kuthiwa usayizi wemakethe wamagiya nezingxenye zamagiya emhlabeni usufinyelele ku-yuan eyi-trillion, futhi kubikezelwa ukuthi izoqhubeka nokuthuthuka ngokushesha nangokuzayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni.
Igiya wuhlobo lwezingxenye eziyisipele ezisetshenziswa kakhulu empilweni, kungaba ezondiza, ezokuthutha, ezemoto nokunye.Nokho, lapho igiya lakhiwe futhi licutshungulwa, kudingeka inani lamagiya.Abanye abantu bathi uma lingaphansi kwamazinyo ayi-17, alikwazi ukuzungeziswa., uyazi ukuthi kungani?
Ngakho kungani 17?Esikhundleni sezinye izinombolo?Ngokuqondene ne-17, lokhu kuqala ngendlela yokucubungula yegiya, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi, indlela esetshenziswa kabanzi ukusebenzisa i-hob ukusika.
Lapho ukhiqiza amagiya ngale ndlela, lapho inani lamazinyo lincane, kwenzeka ukusika phansi, okuthinta amandla amagiya akhiqiziwe.What is undercutting kusho ukuthi impande isisikiwe...Qaphela ibhokisi elibomvu esithombeni:
Ngakho-ke, kungagwenywa nini ukusika phansi?Impendulo yilena engu-17 (lapho i-addendum coefficient ingu-1 kanye ne-engeli yokucindezela ingu-20 degrees).
Okokuqala nje, isizathu esenza amagiya akwazi ukuzungezisa ingoba kufanele kwakheke ubudlelwano obuhle bokudluliswa kukagesi phakathi kwegiya eliphezulu nelaphansi.Kuphela uma uxhumano phakathi kokubili selusendaweni, lapho ukusebenza kwakho kungaba ubudlelwano obuzinzile.Ukwenza isibonelo, amagiya amabili angadlala indima yawo kuphela uma exhunywe kahle.Ngokuqondile, ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo ezimbili: amagiya we-spur namagiya we-helical.
Ngegiya elijwayelekile le-spur, i-coefficient yokuphakama kwe-addendum ingu-1, kanti i-coefficient yokuphakama kwesithende sezinyo ngu-1.25, futhi i-angle yayo yokucindezela kufanele ifinyelele kuma-degree angu-20.Uma igiya licutshungulwa, uma isisekelo sezinyo nethuluzi kufana namagiya amabili Same.
Uma inani lamazinyo ombungu lingaphansi kwenani elithile, ingxenye yempande yezinyo izombiwa, okubizwa ngokuthi i-undercutting.Uma i-undercutting incane, izophazamisa amandla nokuqina kwegiya.Ezingu-17 ezishiwo lapha ngamagiya.Uma singakhulumi ngokusebenza kahle kwamagiya, izosebenza noma mangaki amazinyo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-17 iyinombolo eyinhloko, okusho ukuthi, inani lokugqagqana phakathi kwezinyo elithile legiya namanye amagiya lincane kunani elithile lokujika, futhi ngeke lihlale kuleli phuzu isikhathi eside. lapho kusetshenziswa amandla.Amagiya amathuluzi anembayo.Nakuba kuzoba namaphutha egiyeni ngalinye kodwa amathuba okuthi i-wheel shaft wear ku-17 makhulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke uma iyi-17, izohamba kahle isikhathi esifushane, kodwa ngeke isebenze isikhathi eside.
Kodwa nansi inkinga!Asekhona amagiya amaningi anamazinyo angaphansi kwe-17 emakethe, kodwa asaphenduka kahle, kunezithombe neqiniso!
Abanye abasebenzisi benethiwekhi baveze ukuthi, empeleni, uma ushintsha indlela yokucubungula, kungenzeka ukuthi wenze amagiya ajwayelekile angenayo anamazinyo angaphansi kwe-17.Yiqiniso, igiya elinjalo libuye libe lula ukubhajwa (ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwegiya, angikwazi ukuthola isithombe, ngicela wenze ingqondo yakho), ngakho-ke alikwazi ukujika.Kukhona nezixazululo eziningi ezihambisanayo, futhi igiya elishintshayo yilona elisetshenziswa kakhulu (ngokwemigomo ye-layman, iwukususa ithuluzi lapho usika), futhi kukhona namagiya angama-helical, amagiya angama-cycloidal, njll. Bese kuba ne-pancycloid. igiya.
Umbono womunye osebenzisa inethiwekhi: Wonke umuntu ubonakala ekholelwa kakhulu ezincwadini.Angazi ukuthi bangaki abantu abawafunde kahle amagiya emsebenzini.Esifundweni sezimiso zemishini, asikho isizathu esiyinhloko se-involute spur gears namazinyo angaphezu kwe-17.Ukutholwa kokusika kusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi i-fillet R ephezulu yobuso be-rake yethuluzi le-rack lokucubungula amagiya ngu-0, kodwa empeleni, amathuluzi ekukhiqizeni izimboni angaba kanjani ne-R angle?(Ngaphandle kokwelashwa kokushisa kwethuluzi le-engeli engu-R, ukugxiliswa kwengcindezi yengxenye ebukhali kulula ukuqhekeka, futhi kulula ukugqokwa noma ukuqhekeka ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa) futhi noma ithuluzi lingenayo i-R angle undercut, inombolo enkulu yamazinyo ingase ingabi ngu-17 amazinyo, ngakho-ke amazinyo angu-17 asetshenziswa njengesimo esingaphansi.Eqinisweni, ivulekile ukuphikisana!Ake sibheke izithombe ezingenhla.
Kuyabonakala emfanekisweni ukuthi lapho igiya lilungiswa ngethuluzi eline-engeli engu-R engu-0 phezulu kobuso be-rake, ijika lenguquko ukusuka ezinyo le-15 ukuya kwezinyo le-18 alishintshi kakhulu, kungani kunjalo? wathi izinyo le-17 liqala ngezinyo eliqondile elingenayo involute?Kuthiwani ngenani lamazinyo anqamukayo?
Lesi sithombe kumele ukuthi sidwetshwe abafundi abenza izifundo zobunjiniyela bemishini noFan Chengyi.Ungabona ithonya le-engeli engu-R yethuluzi ku-undercut yegiya.
Ijika elilinganayo le-epicycloid enwetshiwe ensomi engxenyeni yempande yesithombe esingenhla iphrofayela yamazinyo ngemva kokusikwa kwezimpande.Ingxenye yempande yegiya izonqanyulwa kude kangakanani ukuze ithinte ukusetshenziswa kwayo?Lokhu kunqunywa ukunyakaza okuhlobene kwe-tooth top yelinye igiya namandla agcina impande yamazinyo yegiya.Uma ingaphezulu lezinyo legiya lokukhwelana lingahlangani nengxenye ye-undercut, amagiya amabili angakwazi ukuzungeza ngokujwayelekile, (Qaphela: Ingxenye engaphansi kwayo iyiphrofayili yezinyo elingahlangene, kanye nokuxhunywa kwephrofayili yamazinyo e-involute kanye ne-non- Iphrofayili yezinyo le-involute ngokuvamile ayihlanganiswa esimweni somklamo ongaqondile, okungukuthi, ukuphazamisa).
Kusukela kulesi sithombe, kubonakala ukuthi umugqa wokuhlanganisa wamagiya amabili usanda kusula indilinga enkulu yobubanzi obuphambene nejika lejika lamagiya amabili (Qaphela: ingxenye ensomi iphrofayili yezinyo elingenayo, ingxenye ephuzi iwuju olungaphansi. ingxenye, umugqa we-meshing Akunakwenzeka ukungena ngaphansi kwendilinga yesisekelo, ngoba akukho involute ngaphansi kwesiyingi sesisekelo, futhi amaphuzu e-meshing amagiya amabili kunoma yisiphi isikhundla akhona kulo mugqa), okungukuthi, amagiya amabili angakwazi. Imanetha nje evamile, vele lokhu Akuvunyelwe kwezobunjiniyela, ubude bomugqa we-meshing buyi-142.2, lesi sigaba senani/isisekelo = idigri yokuhlangana.
Kusukela kulesi sithombe, kubonakala ukuthi umugqa wokuhlanganisa wamagiya amabili usanda kusula indilinga enkulu yobubanzi obuphambene nejika lejika lamagiya amabili (Qaphela: ingxenye ensomi iphrofayili yezinyo elingenayo, ingxenye ephuzi iwuju olungaphansi. ingxenye, umugqa we-meshing Akunakwenzeka ukungena ngaphansi kwendilinga yesisekelo, ngoba akukho involute ngaphansi kwesiyingi sesisekelo, futhi amaphuzu e-meshing amagiya amabili kunoma yisiphi isikhundla akhona kulo mugqa), okungukuthi, amagiya amabili angakwazi. Imanetha nje evamile, vele lokhu Akuvunyelwe kwezobunjiniyela, ubude bomugqa we-meshing buyi-142.2, lesi sigaba senani/isisekelo = idigri yokuhlangana.
Abanye bathi: Okokuqala nje, indawo yalo mbuzo ayilungile.Amagiya anamazinyo angaphansi kwe-17 ngeke athinte ukusetshenziswa (incazelo yaleli phuzu empendulweni yokuqala ayilungile, futhi izimo ezintathu zokuhlanganisa kahle amagiya azihlangene nenani lamazinyo), kodwa amazinyo ayi-17 endaweni eyodwa. ezithile Kwezinye izimo, kuyoba nzima ukucubungula, nakhu okwengeziwe ukuze wengeze ulwazi oluthile mayelana namagiya.
Ake ngikhulume nge-involute kuqala, i-involute iwuhlobo olusetshenziswa kakhulu lwephrofayili yezinyo legiya.Ngakho kungani i-involute?Uyini umehluko phakathi kwalo mugqa nomugqa oqondile kanye ne-arc?Njengoba kukhonjisiwe emfanekisweni ongezansi, i-involute (lapha kunengxenye kuphela yezinyo elihlanganisiwe)
Ukuyibeka ngegama elilodwa, i-involute iwukuthatha umugqa oqondile kanye nephuzu eligxilile kuwo, lapho umugqa oqondile ugingqa umbuthano, umkhondo wephoyinti eligxilile.Izinzuzo zayo zisobala lapho okubili kuhlanganisa i-mesh nomunye nomunye, njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni esingezansi.
Uma amasondo amabili ezungeza, isiqondiso esisebenzayo samandla endaweni yokuxhumana (njenge-M , M' ) ihlezi ikumugqa ofanayo oqondile, futhi lo mugqa oqondile ugcinwa u-perpendicular ezindaweni ezimbili zokuthintana ezimise okwe-involute (izindiza ezi-tangent ).Ngenxa yokuqina, ngeke kube khona "ukushelela" kanye "nokungqubuzana" phakathi kwabo, okunciphisa ngokuzenzakalelayo amandla okungqubuzana kwe-gear mesh, engakwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, kodwa futhi yandise impilo yegiya.
Yiqiniso, njengendlela esetshenziswa kakhulu kunazo zonke yephrofayili yezinyo - involute, akuyona into yethu kuphela.
Ngaphandle kwe-"undercutting", njengonjiniyela, akudingeki nje ukuthi sicabangele ukuthi kungenzeka yini ezingeni lethiyori nokuthi umphumela muhle yini, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, kufanele sithole indlela yokwenza izinto zethiyori ziphume, okubandakanya ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo. , ukukhiqiza, ukunemba, ukuhlola, njll. Futhi nokunye.
Izindlela zokucubungula ezivame ukusetshenziswa zamagiya zivame ukuhlukaniswa ngendlela yokwakha kanye nendlela yokwenza abalandeli.Indlela yokwenza iwukusika ngokuqondile ukuma kwamazinyo ngokukhiqiza ithuluzi elihambisana nokuma kwegebe phakathi kwamazinyo.Lokhu ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa abasiki bokugaya, amasondo okugaya uvemvane, njll.;Indlela ye-Fan Cheng iqhathanisa ne-Complicated, ungaqonda ukuthi amagiya amabili ane-meshing, elinye lawo eliqinile kakhulu (ummese), kanti elinye lisesesimweni esibi.Inqubo ye-meshing ihamba kancane kancane isuka ebangeni elide iye esimweni esivamile se-meshing.Kule nqubo amagiya amasha akhiqizwa ukusika okuphakathi.Uma unentshisekelo, ungathola "Izimiso Zomakhenikha" ukuze ufunde kabanzi.
Indlela ye-Fancheng isetshenziswa kakhulu, kodwa lapho inani lamazinyo egiya lilincane, indawo yokuhlangana yomugqa we-addum wethuluzi kanye nolayini we-meshing uzodlula umkhawulo we-meshing wegiya elisikiwe, kanye nempande yegiya ezocutshungulwa. kuyoba phezu Ukusika, ngoba ingxenye undercut idlula meshing umkhawulo iphuzu, akuphazamisi meshing evamile amagiya, kodwa okubi ukuthi buthaka amandla amazinyo.Uma amagiya anjalo esetshenziswa uma kune-heavy duty efana nama-gearbox, Kulula ukuphula amazinyo egiya.Isithombe sibonisa imodeli yegiya le-2-die 8-tooth ngemva kokucubungula okujwayelekile (nge-undercut).
Futhi i-17 iyinani elilinganiselwe lamazinyo abalwe ngaphansi kwezinga legiya lezwe lethu.Igiya elinenani lamazinyo angaphansi kuka-17 lizovela "isenzakalo esingaphansi" lapho livame ukucutshungulwa ngendlela ye-Fancheng.Ngalesi sikhathi, indlela yokucubungula kufanele ilungiswe, njengokususwa endaweni, njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni 2-die 8-tooth gear emshinini wokukhomba (i-undercut encane).
Yebo, okuqukethwe okuningi okuchazwe lapha akuphelele.Kunezingxenye eziningi ezithakazelisayo emshinini, futhi kunezinkinga ezengeziwe ekukhiqizeni lezi zingxenye kwezobunjiniyela.Abafundi abanentshisekelo bangafisa ukunaka kakhudlwana.
Isiphetho: Amazinyo angu-17 avela endleleni yokucubungula, futhi kuncike endleleni yokucubungula.Uma indlela yokucubungula yegiya ishintshwa noma ithuthukiswa, njengendlela yokwenza kanye nokucubungula ukufuduka (lapha kubhekiselwa kugiya le-spur), into engaphansi ngeke yenzeke, futhi Ayikho inkinga ngenani elilinganiselwe lamazinyo ayi-17.
